ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2025
Early life stress and pubertal predictors of subsequent substance use in a national diverse sample of adolescents: Sex and substance type matter.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Understanding higher substance use among early adolescent females: A decomposition analysis of adverse childhood experiences, bullying victimization, and depressive symptoms.Addictive behaviors reports · 2026Article
- Childhood maltreatment and early-onset substance use: sex differences in the impact of various types of maltreatment and psychiatric comorbidity.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Pubertal mediators of early life stress and age on adolescent alcohol initiation: Analysis by sex.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2025Article
- Sex/Gender Differences in the Effects of Childhood Abuse on Future Risk of Depression: Longitudinal Evidence from the Global Flourishing Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Puberty Onset and Positive Urgency Explain Diminished Returns of Family Income on Tobacco and Marijuana Use.Open journal of psychology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEarly life stress (ELS) increases the risk of substance use disorder (SUD) in adulthood. The pathway from ELS to SUD is hypothesized to be influenced by sex. We examine the impact of ELS on adolescent first substance use, a common precursor to adult SUDs, and test for sex differences in the relationship between ELS and risk of first use of alcohol, nicotine, and marijuana.
methodsIndividuals from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study (ABCD; N = 8608 US children aged 9-10 at baseline) were assessed for multiple measures of ELS (Environmental, Family, Trauma), covariates (race/ethnicity, age in months at baseline, pubertal development score), and first substance use. Cox proportional hazards regression was performed for total population and stratified by sex, generating adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) of first substance use.
resultsOne unit increase in ELS Total scores significantly increased aHRs of first use of all substances. Dimensional ELS analysis revealed associations with risk that differed across sex, type of ELS, and substance. Females with higher ELS Environmental scores display a significant increase in risk of first use across all substances, while males with higher ELS Trauma scores showed a significant increase in risk of first nicotine and marijuana use.
conclusionsFindings highlight sex differences in the association of ELS Environmental and Trauma scores with the risk of first substance use, while illustrating the consistency of the association of ELS Family scores with risk. Existing family-based prevention and intervention strategies should consider addressing sex differences in adolescent substance use risk and protection.
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