Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39846073›Full record

ArticleEuropean heart journal. Digital health2025

Artificial intelligence evaluation of electrocardiographic characteristics and interval changes in transgender patients on gender-affirming hormone therapy.

Fadi W Adel, Philip Sang, Connor Walsh, Arvind Maheshwari, Paige Cummings, Zachi Attia, Kathryn Mangold, Caroline Davidge-Pitts, Francisco Lopez-Jimenez, Paul Friedman and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in European heart journal. Digital health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Fadi W AdelDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2143-6826
Philip SangDepartment of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Connor WalshDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Washington, 2505 2nd Ave, Seattle, WA 98121, USA.
Arvind MaheshwariAdvocate Medical Group, 27750 West Highway 22 Suite 110, Barrington, IL 60010, USA.
Paige CummingsMayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Zachi AttiaDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Kathryn MangoldDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Caroline Davidge-PittsDivision of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9393-7745
Francisco Lopez-JimenezDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5788-9734
Paul FriedmanDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5052-2948
Peter A NoseworthyDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Rekha MankadDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5461-7212

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Aims: Gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) is used by some transgender individuals (TG), who comprise 1.4% of US population. However, the effects of GAHT on electrocardiogram (ECG) remain unknown. The objective is to assess the effects of GAHT on ECG changes in TG. Methods and results: Twelve-lead ECGs of TG on GAHT at the Mayo Clinic were inspected using a validated artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm. The algorithm assigns a patient's ECG male pattern probability on a scale of 0 (female) to 1 (male). In the primary analysis, done separately for transgender women (TGW) and transgender men (TGM), 12-lead ECGs were used to estimate the male pattern probability before and after GAHT. In a subanalysis, only patients with both pre- and post-GAHT EGCs were included. Further, the autopopulated PR, QRS, and QTc intervals were compared before and after GAHT. Among TGW ( Conclusion: Among TG, GAHT is associated with ECG changes trending towards gender congruence, as determined by the AI algorithm and ECG intervals. Prospective studies are warranted to understand GAHT effects on cardiac structure and function.

Indexed as

Artificial intelligenceElectrocardiogramGender-affirming hormone therapyLGBTQIA+ HealthTransgender individuals

Identifiers

PMID39846073
PMCPMC11750187

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.