The capacity and training needs of primary health care workers in Nyeri and Nakuru counties of Kenya: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Health systems based on primary healthcare (PHC) have reduced costs and are effective for improved health outcomes. Kenya's health system grapples with providing equitable access to essential health services, but there is increasing commitment by the government to strengthen primary healthcare. The aim of this paper is to provide a baseline assessment of the capacity and training needs of healthcare workers (HCWs) in Nakuru and Nyeri Counties and identify priorities for intervention. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 171 healthcare workers in Nyeri and Nakuru counties. Multistage sampling was employed to select sub-counties in the first stage and health facilities by level within each sub-county in the second level. Systematic random sampling was then employed to select HCWs from each level of facility. We targeted healthcare workers of all cadres within the health facilities, and included all who consented to participating. Structured self-administered pen-and-paper questionnaires were used for data collection, and a five-point Likert scale was used to measure the perceived capacity of the healthcare workers to provide primary healthcare. As for the training needs data, the participants selected any of the 12 components that they needed training in. Descriptive statistics was employed, and stacked bar charts were used to visualize the capacity and training needs for the components of PHC adopted in Kenya. Results: In total, we obtained questionnaires from 95 participants in Nakuru and 76 participants in Nyeri. Nakuru HCWs rated themselves higher than their Nyeri counterparts in maternal and newborn child healthcare, local endemic disease control, appropriate treatment of common diseases and injuries, provision of essential basic medication, dental health, HIV/AIDs & TB management, and primary eye care. In both counties, there were significant differences in capacity between the different levels of health facilities. We observed substantial capacity gaps for HIV/AIDs & TB management, mental health and dental health services in both counties. Conclusion: This study found a substantial capacity gap in several of the elements of PHC, especially in Nyeri County. Critical areas for intervention are HIV/AIDs & TB management and mental health training for both counties. Within the health system, there is need to strengthen the capacity of HCWs in lower-level health facilities to reduce the volume of referrals to secondary care facilities. We strongly recommend training programs in dental health, mental health, primary eye care, nutritional services and HIV/AIDs &TB management, that are carefully designed to emphasize skills and abilities.