ArticleHuman brain mapping2025
Whole Brain MRI Assessment of Age and Sex-Related R2* Changes in the Human Fetal Brain.
Article in Human brain mapping, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Human brain R2* transitions across birth from the womb to early infancy.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Real-time fetal brain and placental T2* mapping at 0.55T MRI.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2025Article
- Maternal Prenatal Psychological Stress and Iron Levels in the Fetal Brain.Developmental psychobiology · 2025Article
- Data quality biases normative models derived from fetal brain MRI.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Iron in the brain is essential to neurodevelopmental processes, as it supports neural functions, including processes of oxygen delivery, electron transport, and enzymatic activity. However, the development of brain iron before birth is scarcely understood. By estimating R2* (1/T2*) relaxometry from a sizable sample of fetal multiecho echo-planar imaging (EPI) scans, which is the standard sequence for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), across gestation, this study investigates age and sex-related changes in iron, across regions and tissue segments. Our findings reveal that brain R2* levels significantly increase throughout gestation spanning many different regions, except the frontal lobe. Furthermore, females exhibit a faster rate of R2* increase compared to males, in both gray matter and white matter. This sex effect is particularly notable within the left insula. This work represents the first MRI examination of iron accumulation and sex differences in developing fetal brains. This is also the first study to establish R2* estimation methodology in fetal multiecho functional MRI.
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