ArticleSystematic reviews2025
Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) infections following intravesical BCG immunotherapy: a systematic review protocol.
Article in Systematic reviews, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Genetic and immunologic determinants of BCG disease: from mechanism to prevention.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlthough intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) immunotherapy usually exhibits a favorable safety profile, it can lead to the development of BCG infections, both localized and disseminated. Understanding of BCG infections following intravesical BCG immunotherapy is limited because of the lack of consensus definitions of BCG infections and limited post-instillation follow-up. We aim to perform a systematic review of the literature of BCG infections following intravesical BCG immunotherapy to elucidate the epidemiology, risk factors, and outcomes of BCG infections.
methodsSystematic review of peer-reviewed published articles that describe the treatment of one or more persons with intravesical BCG and the occurrence of BCG infections among these patients. No temporal, geographic, or demographic limitations will be applied. Animal studies will be excluded. Gray literature, editorials, and comments will be excluded. Information sources will include the following databases: MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science. A search concept representing BCG and intravesical administration will be applied after validation against a set of pre-selected articles. Screening and data extraction will be performed in duplicate by two independent reviewers. Disagreements will be resolved by a third independent reviewer. The methodological quality of studies will be assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. A narrative synthesis of the extracted data will be provided in line with the guidance from the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination. The quality of evidence for all outcomes will be judged using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation working group methodology. DISCUSSION: The data generated by this review will assist clinicians in managing BCG-infected patients and inform future research efforts. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: In accordance with international guidelines, our systematic review protocol was submitted for registration with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) on February 26, 2024.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.