ArticleBMC public health2025
Global, regional, and national burden of young COPD, 1990-2021, with forecasts to 2050: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021.
Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Bidirectional association between COPD and AF: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Pooled it
- The Financial Burden of Prescribed Medications in COPD.CHEST pulmonary · 2026Article
- Article
- Development and validation of a disease-syndrome integrated assessment model for AECOPD severity: protocol for a nationwide multicentre cross-sectional study.BMJ open respiratory research · 2026Article
- Development and multicenter validation of machine learning models for 28-day mortality in critically ill patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- The rising global burden of gout attributable to kidney dysfunction: a 30-year trend analysis and projections to 2036.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- Comparative risk of pneumonia and acute exacerbation between P-CAB and PPI use in patients with COPD and GERD.NPJ primary care respiratory medicine · 2026Article
- A longitudinal study on the correlation between symptom clusters and disease-specific health status in older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during pulmonary rehabilitation.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Level of Awareness About Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Among Active Smokers.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Article
- P2X7 receptor: a potential therapeutic target for chronic respiratory diseases.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2026Review
- Perilla Seed Oil Alleviates High-Fat-Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemia by Regulating Fatty Acid Metabolism via the PI3K/Akt/NOS3 Pathway.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Global, regional, and national burden and attributable risk factors of chronic respiratory diseases from 1990 to 2021 and projections to 2030.Internal and emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Epidemiological trends and risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in young individuals based on the 2021 global burden of disease data (1990-2021).BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- Mapping the Global distribution, risk factors, and temporal trends of COPD incidence and mortality (1990-2021): ecological analysis.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease and its underlying etiologies from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Non-linear threshold effects of kinesiophobia on exercise adherence in older adults with COPD: a segmented regression analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Global trends in disease burdens attributable to ambient and household air pollution: a comparative study of ten populous countries.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- The burden and risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Asia and its countries from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis based on the 2021 global burden of disease study.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Global, regional, and national burden and trends of depressive disorders among women of childbearing age from 1990 to 2021: insights from GBD 2021.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundYoung chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) refers to people with COPD between the ages of 20 and 50 years. Current epidemiological studies focus on local geography, and there is a lack of global-level analysis. This study provides in-depth analyses of the disease burden of young COPD at global, regional, and national levels.
methodsThis study used the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD). The age-standardised prevalence rate (ASPR), age-standardised incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardised death rate (ASDR), and age-standardised disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rate were used to describe the disease burden. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) during the study period was calculated. Joinpoint regression analysis examined the time trend from 1990 to 2021. Annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC) were calculated. Risk factors were reported by region and sex.
resultsIn 2021, the global number of young COPD cases was 30,384,539, and the ASPR, ASIR, ASDR, and age-standardised DALYs rates fell slightly. Oceania reported the highest ASPR, ASDR, and age-standardised DALYs rate. High-income North America has the highest ASIR. In 2021, the prevalence, incidence, death, and DALYs rates exhibited similar trends, increasing with age. From 1990 to 2021, both the prevalence and death rates showed a consistent downward trend across all age groups. Joinpoint regression analysis indicated a slight increase in both the ASPR (APC: 0.13; 95% CI: 0.06 to 0.19) and the ASIR (APC: 0.17; 95% CI: 0.10 to 0.24) during the period from 1990 to 1994. The leading DALYs attributable to risk factors for young COPD are household air pollution from solid fuels (20.4%), ambient particulate matter pollution (17.9%), and smoking (13.5%).
conclusionsThe global burden of ASPR, ASIR, ASDR, and age-standardised DALYs rates in young COPD has decreased, however, the absolute number of patients has increased. The global burden shows noticeable regional differences, with particularly high burdens observed in Oceania. Improving air quality, promoting smoking cessation, and increasing access to lung function tests, raising awareness of young COPD are key strategies for alleviating the burden of young COPD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.