Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39844141›Full record

ArticleBMC ophthalmology2025

Clinical efficacy of 0.1% cyclosporine A in dry eye patients with inadequate responses to 0.05% cyclosporine A: a switching, prospective, open-label, multicenter study.

Sook Hyun Yoon, Eun Chul Kim, In-Cheon You, Chul Young Choi, Jae Yong Kim, Jong Suk Song, Joon Young Hyon, Hong Kyun Kim, Kyoung Yul Seo

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC ophthalmology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Sook Hyun YoonDepartment of Ophthalmology, Daegu Catholic University of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
Eun Chul KimDepartment of Ophthalmology, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
In-Cheon YouDepartment of Ophthalmology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea.
Chul Young ChoiDepartment of Ophthalmology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Jae Yong KimDepartment of Ophthalmology, Seoul Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Jong Suk SongDepartment of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Joon Young HyonDepartment of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.
Hong Kyun KimDepartment of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea. okeye@knu.ac.kr.
Kyoung Yul SeoInstitute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. SEOKY@yuhs.ac.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo assess the clinical efficacy of 0.1% cyclosporine A (CsA) in dry eye patients who have shown inadequate responses to previous treatment with 0.05% CsA.

designThis study was designed as a switching, prospective, multicenter, 12-week, open-label study.

methodsPatients with dry eye disease (DED), who experienced inadequate responses to at least 3 months of treatment with 0.05% cyclosporine, were enrolled in this study. Clinical evaluations included the National Eye Institute (NEI) corneal and conjunctival staining scores, tear film break-up time (TF-BUT), Symptom Assessment in Dry Eye (SANDE), ocular discomfort scale (ODS), and tear volume. These parameters were assessed at baseline, and again at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after switching to 0.1% CsA.

resultsNinety-one patients were enrolled in the study, and 70 patients completed the trial. Statistical analysis was performed on the full analysis set (FAS) using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method to account for missing data. After switching to 0.1% CsA, subjective symptoms assessed by the Symptom Assessment in Dry Eye (SANDE) and Ocular Discomfort Scale (ODS) showed improvement (p < 0.0001). Objective signs of dry eye, including the National Eye Institute (NEI) score, tear film break-up time (TF-BUT), and tear volume also improved (p < 0.0001).

conclusionsIn patients with dry eye disease (DED) who exhibited inadequate responses to 0.05% cyclosporine A (CsA), switching to 0.1% CsA resulted in significant improvements in both subjective symptoms and objective clinical signs. This finding suggests that higher concentrations of CsA may be more effective in treating individuals with moderate to severe DED.

Indexed as

CyclosporineDry Eye SyndromesImmunosuppressive AgentsAdultAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedOphthalmic SolutionsProspective StudiesTearsTreatment OutcomeCyclosporineImmunosuppressive AgentsOphthalmic SolutionsCationic emulsionCyclosporine ADry eye diseaseMulticenter studySwitching

Identifiers

PMID39844141
PMCPMC11752847

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.