Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39843922›Full record

ArticleNPJ breast cancer2025

Triple-negative breast cancer modifies the systemic immune landscape and alters neutrophil functionality.

Noor A M Bakker, Hannah Garner, Ewald van Dyk, Elisa Champanhet, Chris Klaver, Maxime Duijst, Leonie Voorwerk, Iris Nederlof, Rosie Voorthuis, Marte C Liefaard and 7 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in NPJ breast cancer, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. γδ T cells and cancer.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026
    Review
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  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Noor A M BakkerDivision of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7167-581X
Hannah Garner *Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Ewald van Dyk *Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Elisa ChampanhetDivision of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Chris KlaverDivision of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Maxime DuijstDivision of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Leonie VoorwerkDivision of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Iris NederlofDivision of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7608-6515
Rosie VoorthuisDivision of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Marte C LiefaardDivision of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Marja NieuwlandGenomics Core Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Iris de RinkGenomics Core Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Onno B BleijerveldProteomics Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9395-2347
Hendrika M OosterkampDepartment of Medical Oncology, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, The Netherlands.
Lodewyk F A WesselsOncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1656-6995
Marleen KokDivision of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. m.kok@nki.nl.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9043-9815
Karin E de VisserDivision of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. k.d.visser@nki.nl.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0293-868X

Funding

KWF Kankerbestrijding (Dutch Cancer Society) KWF13191KWF Kankerbestrijding (Dutch Cancer Society) KWF14801Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research) NWOVICI91819616Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research) NWOVIDI09150172010043
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cancer disrupts intratumoral innate-adaptive immune crosstalk, but how the systemic immune landscape evolves during breast cancer progression remains unclear. We profiled circulating immune cells in stage I-III and stage IV triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients and healthy donors (HDs). Metastatic TNBC (mTNBC) patients had reduced T cells, dendritic cells, and differentiated B cells compared to non-metastatic TNBC patients and HDs, partly linked to prior chemotherapy. Vδ1 γδ T cells from mTNBC patients produced more IL17 than those from HDs. Chemotherapy-naïve mTNBC patients showed increased classical monocytes and neutrophils. Transcriptional, proteomic, and functional analyses revealed that neutrophils in mTNBC exhibited enhanced migratory capacity, elevated granule proteins, and higher ROS production. Some immune changes, such as reduced non-switched B cells and heightened neutrophil migration, were evident in earlier TNBC stages. This study comprehensively maps systemic immunity in TNBC, guiding future research on patient stratification and immunomodulation strategies.

Identifiers

PMID39843922
PMCPMC11754814

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.