Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39843808›Full record

ArticleAAPS PharmSciTech2025

Development and In-Vitro Tuning of Piperine Containing Solid Lipid Microparticles for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Muneeba Aziz, Sajid Bashir, Rai Muhammad Sarfraz, Hira Ijaz, Asif Mahmood, Zulcaif, Bilal Haroon, Milad A Mezher, Mohamed M Salem, Sami Al Zahrani and 1 more

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Article in AAPS PharmSciTech, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Muneeba AzizCollege of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.
Sajid BashirCollege of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.
Rai Muhammad SarfrazCollege of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan. sarfrazrai85@yahoo.com.
Hira IjazDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pak-Austria Fachhochschule, Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Mang, Khanpur Road, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Asif MahmoodFaculty of Pharmacy, University of Chakwal, Chakwal, Pakistan.
ZulcaifRiphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (RIPS), Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
Bilal HaroonDepartment of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Sargodha Campus, Sargodha, Pakistan.
Milad A MezherBiology Department, College of Education for Pure Sciences, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq.
Mohamed M SalemCollege of Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Sami Al ZahraniDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Mounir M BekhitDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8263-137X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The current project was designed to develop piperine-loaded solid lipid microparticles (SLMs) to assess the anti-arthritic potential of piperine (PIP). Variable proportions of carnauba wax, beeswax, and tween 80 were employed for preparing SLMs by using the solvent evaporation technique. The developed formulations were subjected to particle size measurements, entrapment efficiency (EE), and zeta potential (ZP) determination. Microparticles were also investigated for piperine-lipid compatibility, thermal analysis, surface morphology, piperine (PIP) release trend, and anti-rheumatic activity in rats. The network's grafting was confirmed by FTIR and XRD results. The thermal stability of the constructed network was confirmed by the DSC and TGA results. SEM findings confirm porous surface morphology. The dissolution experiments on SLMs confirmed the sustained release profile, delivering 87.82% to 94.92% of piperine at 7.4 pH for 24 h. All developed formulations followed a zero-order kinetic model and the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. Furthermore, the anti-rheumatic potentials of piperine from SLMs were also investigated and compared with diclofenac sodium (the standard treatment) in a rat model. The analysis revealed that PIP significantly reduced the severity of arthritis, as confirmed by the findings of multiple arthritic assessment parameters.

Indexed as

AlkaloidsArthritis, RheumatoidBenzodioxolesLipidsPiperidinesPolyunsaturated AlkamidesAnimalsChemistry, PharmaceuticalDelayed-Action PreparationsDiclofenacDrug CarriersDrug LiberationMaleParticle SizePolysorbatesRatsAlkaloidsbeeswaxBenzodioxolescarnauba waxDelayed-Action PreparationsDiclofenacDrug CarriersLipidsPiperidinespiperinePolysorbatesPolyunsaturated AlkamidesWaxesCarnauba wax and bees waxMicroparticlesPiperinePiperine-loaded microparticlesRheumatoid arthritis

Identifiers

PMID39843808

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.