Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39843589›Full record

ReviewNature2025

Neuromorphic computing at scale.

Dhireesha Kudithipudi, Catherine Schuman, Craig M Vineyard, Tej Pandit, Cory Merkel, Rajkumar Kubendran, James B Aimone, Garrick Orchard, Christian Mayr, Ryad Benosman and 13 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Nature, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
71citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

71 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. A Reconfigurable Memristive Spiking Neuron Enabling Advanced Neuromorphic Computing.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Neuromorphic Devices and Computing for Sensing, Memory, and Control.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Hierarchical Multi-Mode Computing in Interlayer-Coupled 3D RRAM Crossbar Arrays.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

23 authors.

Dhireesha KudithipudiUniversity of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA. dhireesha.kudithipudi@utsa.edu.
Catherine SchumanUniversity of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4264-8097
Craig M VineyardSandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
Tej PanditUniversity of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
Cory MerkelRochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA.
Rajkumar KubendranUniversity of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3066-4898
James B AimoneSandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7361-253X
Garrick OrchardIntel Labs, Santa Clara, CA, USA.
Christian MayrTechnische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Ryad BenosmanIntel Labs, Santa Clara, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0243-944X
Joe HaysU.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5922-703X
Cliff YoungGoogle DeepMind, Mountain View, CA, USA.
Chiara BartolozziItalian Institute of Technology, Genoa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-3465-6449
Amitava MajumdarUniversity of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Suma George CardwellSandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
Melika PayvandInstitute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zürich and ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
Sonia BuckleyNational Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2809-9287
Shruti KulkarniOak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.
Hector A GonzalezSpiNNcloud Systems GmbH, Dresden, Germany.
Gert CauwenberghsUniversity of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3166-5529
Chetan Singh ThakurIndian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India.
Anand SubramoneyRoyal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK.
Steve FurberThe University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-6524-3367

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Neuromorphic computing is a brain-inspired approach to hardware and algorithm design that efficiently realizes artificial neural networks. Neuromorphic designers apply the principles of biointelligence discovered by neuroscientists to design efficient computational systems, often for applications with size, weight and power constraints. With this research field at a critical juncture, it is crucial to chart the course for the development of future large-scale neuromorphic systems. We describe approaches for creating scalable neuromorphic architectures and identify key features. We discuss potential applications that can benefit from scaling and the main challenges that need to be addressed. Furthermore, we examine a comprehensive ecosystem necessary to sustain growth and the new opportunities that lie ahead when scaling neuromorphic systems. Our work distils ideas from several computing sub-fields, providing guidance to researchers and practitioners of neuromorphic computing who aim to push the frontier forward.

Indexed as

BrainComputersNeural Networks, ComputerAlgorithmsAnimalsHumansNeurons

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.