Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39843505›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Comparative analysis of correlation and causality inference in water quality problems with emphasis on TDS Karkheh River in Iran.

Reza Shakeri, Hossein Amini, Farshid Fakheri, Man Yue Lam, Banafsheh Zahraie

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Reza ShakeriSchool of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4448-6578
Hossein AminiSchool of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK. AminiH@cardiff.ac.uk.
Farshid FakheriDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3057-5326
Man Yue LamSchool of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7259-968X
Banafsheh ZahraieSchool of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Water quality management is a critical aspect of environmental sustainability, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions such as Iran where water scarcity is compounded by quality degradation. This study delves into the causal relationships influencing water quality, focusing on Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) as a primary indicator in the Karkheh River, southwest Iran. Utilizing a comprehensive dataset spanning 50 years (1968-2018), this research integrates Machine Learning (ML) techniques to examine correlations and infer causality among multiple parameters, including flow rate (Q), Sodium (Na

Indexed as

Causality inferenceCorrelationMachine learningRiverTDSWater quality

Identifiers

PMID39843505
PMCPMC11754460

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.