Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39843441›Full record

ArticleNPJ genomic medicine2025

Exome sequencing of 18,994 ethnically diverse patients with suspected rare Mendelian disorders.

Heonjong Han, Go Hun Seo, Seong-In Hyun, Kisang Kwon, Seung Woo Ryu, Rin Khang, Eugene Lee, JiHye Kim, Yongjun Song, Won Chan Jeong and 7 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in NPJ genomic medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  4. BiallelicFrontiers in genetics · 2026
    Article
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  7. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Heonjong Han *3billion, Inc., Seoul, South Korea.
Go Hun Seo *3billion, Inc., Seoul, South Korea. ghseo@3billion.io.
Seong-In Hyun3billion, Inc., Seoul, South Korea.
Kisang Kwon3billion, Inc., Seoul, South Korea.
Seung Woo Ryu3billion, Inc., Seoul, South Korea.
Rin Khang3billion, Inc., Seoul, South Korea.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8517-133X
Eugene Lee3billion, Inc., Seoul, South Korea.
JiHye Kim3billion, Inc., Seoul, South Korea.
Yongjun Song3billion, Inc., Seoul, South Korea.
Won Chan Jeong3billion, Inc., Seoul, South Korea.
Joohyun Han3billion, Inc., Seoul, South Korea.
Dong-Wook Kim3billion, Inc., Seoul, South Korea.
Soyeon Yang3billion, Inc., Seoul, South Korea.
Sohyun Lee3billion, Inc., Seoul, South Korea.
Sohyun Jang3billion, Inc., Seoul, South Korea.
Jungsul Lee3billion, Inc., Seoul, South Korea.
Hane Lee3billion, Inc., Seoul, South Korea. hlee@3billion.io.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4736-0412

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We investigated the effectiveness of exome sequencing (ES) in diagnosing ethnically diverse patients with rare genetic disorders. A total of 18,994 patients referred to a single reference laboratory for ES between 2020 and 2022 were studied for the diagnostic rate and factors influencing the diagnostic rate. The overall diagnostic rate was 31.8%. Dermatological disorders, skeletal disorders, and neurodevelopmental disorders disease categories, early age-of-onset, presence of consanguinity, and the presence of parental sequencing data were found to be correlated with a higher diagnostic rate. Nearly 68K variants were identified in our dataset at a higher frequency than that observed in gnomAD 4.0. Of these, 507 variants could be classified as likely benign, representing 0.04% of non-benign variants in ClinVar (507/1,433,904) and 0.20% of the non-benign ClinVar variants observed at least once in our cohort (507/276,777). The overall diagnostic rate is comparable to that observed in other large cohort studies with less diverse ethnic backgrounds.

Identifiers

PMID39843441
PMCPMC11754811

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.