Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39843259›Full record

ReviewInternational dental journal2025

Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Dental Medicine: A Critical Review.

Symeon Sitaras, Ioannis A Tsolakis, Marina Gelsini, Apostolos I Tsolakis, Falk Schwendicke, Thomas Gerhard Wolf, Paula Perlea

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in International dental journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. [Current applications and future perspectives of automation technologies and devices in oral diagnosis and treatment].Hua xi kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Huaxi kouqiang yixue zazhi = West China journal of stomatology · 2026
    Review
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  8. AI-Powered Clinical Decision Support in Dentistry: Comparative Evaluation of Large Language Models for Oral Medicine and Periodontal Diagnosis.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026
    Article
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  10. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Symeon SitarasPrivate Practice, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Ioannis A TsolakisDepartment of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; Department of Orthodontics, C.W.R.U., Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Marina GelsiniPrivate Practice, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Apostolos I TsolakisDepartment of Orthodontics, C.W.R.U., Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Orthodontics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Dentistry, Athens, Greece.
Falk SchwendickeDepartment of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, North Dakota, Germany.
Thomas Gerhard WolfDepartment of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany. Electronic address: thomas.wolf@unibe.ch.
Paula PerleaDepartment of Endodontics, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionArtificial intelligence (AI), including its subfields of machine learning and deep learning, is a branch of computer science and engineering focused on creating machines capable of tasks requiring human-like intelligence, such as visual perception, decision-making, and natural language processing. AI applications have become increasingly prevalent in dental medicine, generating high expectations as well as raising ethical and practical concerns.

methodsThis critical review evaluates the current applications of AI in dentistry, identifying key perspectives, challenges, and limitations in ongoing AI research.

resultsAI models have been applied across various dental specialties, supporting diagnosis, treatment planning, and decision-making, while also reducing the burden of repetitive tasks and optimizing clinical workflows. However, ethical complexities and methodological limitations, such as inconsistent data quality, bias risk, lack of transparency, and limited clinical validation, undermine the quality of AI studies and hinder the effective integration of AI into routine dental practice.

conclusionsTo improve AI research, studies must adhere to standardized methodological and ethical guidelines, particularly in data collection, while ensuring transparency, privacy, and accountability. Developing a comprehensive framework for producing robust, reproducible AI research and clinically validated technologies will facilitate the seamless integration of AI into clinical practice, benefiting both clinicians and patients by improving dental care.

Indexed as

Artificial IntelligenceDentistryHumansartificial intelligence (AI)decision-makingdeep learningdental medicinedentistrymachine learningreview

Identifiers

PMID39843259
PMCPMC11976566

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.