Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39843220›Full record

ArticleeNeuro2025

Gamma and Theta/Alpha-Band Oscillations in the Electroencephalogram Distinguish the Content of Inner Speech.

Thomas J Whitford, Kevin M Spencer, Marianthe Godwin, Yoji Hirano, Lawrence Kin-Hei Chung, Wadim Vodovozov, Oren Griffiths, Anthony W F Harris, Mike E Le Pelley, Bradley N Jack

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in eNeuro, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Thomas J WhitfordSchool of Psychology, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia t.whitford@unsw.edu.au.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9187-3816
Kevin M SpencerResearch Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02130.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5500-7627
Marianthe GodwinSchool of Psychology, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.
Yoji HiranoDepartment of Psychiatry, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6847-9677
Lawrence Kin-Hei ChungDepartment of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2974-580X
Wadim VodovozovDepartment of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, New York 11004.
Oren GriffithsSchool of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales 2308, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9833-9998
Anthony W F HarrisBrain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8617-4962
Mike E Le PelleySchool of Psychology, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5145-5502
Bradley N JackResearch School of Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra 0200, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0523-6656

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Inner speech refers to the silent production of language in one's mind. As a purely mental action without obvious physical manifestations, inner speech has been notoriously difficult to quantify. To address this issue, the present study repurposed the phenomenon of speaking-induced suppression, wherein overt speech has been consistently shown to elicit reduced auditory evoked potentials compared with externally generated speech, as well as changes in oscillatory activity in gamma and theta frequency bands. Given the functional similarities between inner and overt speech, we used an established experimental protocol to investigate whether similar metrics could be used to distinguish the content of inner speech. Healthy participants (

Indexed as

Alpha RhythmBrainEvoked Potentials, AuditoryGamma RhythmSpeechSpeech PerceptionTheta RhythmAcoustic StimulationAdolescentAdultElectroencephalographyFemaleHumansMaleYoung Adultauditory evoked potentialEEGgammainner speechN1prediction error

Identifiers

PMID39843220
PMCPMC11810546

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.