ArticleBMJ open2025
Acceptance of multiple micronutrient supplementations (MMS) and iron and folic acid supplement utilisation among pregnant and lactating women in the rural part of Ethiopia, 2022: a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Qualitative Evaluation of the Pilot Introduction of Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation in Burkina Faso.Maternal & child nutrition · 2026Article
- Acceptability, Adherence, and Provision Through Antenatal Care: Evidence on Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation in Pakistan and Nigeria.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Fund contraction challenges for supplies for maternal and newborn health services in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Maternal perspectives on Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation (MMS) in Indonesia: a cross-sectional study of knowledge, attitudes, and acceptance.BMC public health · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
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Abstract
objectiveTo assess the acceptance of multiple micronutrient supplements and current iron and folic acid supplement utilisation among pregnant and lactating women in rural Ethiopia.
designCommunity-based cross-sectional study using a mixed method.
settingThis study was carried out in five regions (Oromia, Gambela, Sidama, SNNPR (Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples Region) and Somali) of Ethiopia, 2022. A multistage random sampling technique was employed. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 410 pregnant and lactating women. A purposive sampling technique was used to select participants for the five Focused Group Discussions and fifteen Key Informant Interviews. Both bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted with a p value<0.05, and a 95% CI was considered statistically significant. Qualitative data were coded and analysed thematically.
participantsA total of 410 pregnant and lactating women.
resultsThe overall level of iron-folic acid utilisation was 59.3%. The odds of using iron-folic acid among pregnant and lactating women in the Sidama region are significantly lower compared with Oromia (adjusted OR (AOR)=0.12, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.38). Lactating women have significantly lower odds of using iron-folic acid compared with pregnant women (AOR=0.09, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.17). Taking medication or supplements significantly increases the odds of iron-folic acid use (AOR=2.41, 95% CI: 1.16, 4.95). Recommending a new nutrition supplement significantly increases the odds of iron-folic acid use (AOR=2.38, 95% CI: 1.21, 4.68).
conclusionsThe consumption of iron-folic acid supplements among pregnant and lactating women in Ethiopia is lower than in other studies. Factors associated with iron-folic acid utilisation include region, taking medication/supplements, recommending nutrition and being a lactating mother. To ensure accessibility, the product should be sold in all town shops, pharmacies and through home delivery. Additionally, a strategy should be developed to provide access to the product in each adjacent community centre. Awareness creation should be a priority for community members to avoid misconceptions about pregnancy-related supplements.
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