Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39840927›Full record

ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2025

Dual Targeting Biomimetic Carrier-Free Nanosystems for Photo-Chemotherapy of Rheumatoid Arthritis via Macrophage Apoptosis and Re-Polarization.

Guanghe Xue, Huimei Jiang, Zhenhua Song, Yifan Zhao, Wen Gao, Bai Lv, Jie Cao

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
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  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Stimuli-Responsive Nanoplatforms for Precision Intervention in Rheumatoid Arthritis.Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Guanghe XueDepartment of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
Huimei JiangDepartment of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
Zhenhua SongDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
Yifan ZhaoDepartment of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
Wen GaoDepartment of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China.
Bai LvDepartment of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
Jie CaoDepartment of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2547-7035

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 32171362Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province ZR2021MH087Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province ZR2022YQ73Taishan Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province tsqn202306168
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common chronic systemic autoimmune disease that often results in irreversible joint erosion and disability. Methotrexate (MTX) is the first-line drug against RA, but the significant side effects of long-term administration limit its use. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies are needed for treating RA. Here, dual-targeting biomimetic carrier-free nanomaterials (BSA-MTX-CyI nanosystem, BMC) is developed for synergistic photo-chemotherapy of RA. Bovine serum albumin (BSA), which has high affinity with SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine) in the RA joint microenvironment, is selected as the hydrophilic end and coupled with MTX and the phototherapeutic agent CyI to self-assemble into BMC. In vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that BMC accumulated significantly at the joint site in collagen antibody-induced arthritis mice and could be specifically recognized and taken up by folate receptors in proinflammatory M1 macrophages. Upon near-infrared laser irradiation, CyI exerted photodynamic and photothermal effects, whereas MTX not only inhibited cell proliferation but also increased cell sensitivity to reactive oxygen species, enhancing the apoptotic effect induced by CyI and achieving synergistic photo-chemotherapy. Moreover, BMC could induce macrophages to reprogram into anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. This study provides innovative approaches for RA treatment via macrophage apoptosis and re-polarization.

Indexed as

ApoptosisArthritis, RheumatoidMacrophagesMethotrexatePhotochemotherapyAnimalsBiomimetic MaterialsBiomimeticsHumansMiceRAW 264.7 CellsSerum Albumin, BovineMethotrexateSerum Albumin, Bovinecarrier‐freedual targetingphoto‐chemotherapyrepolarizationrheumatoid arthritis

Identifiers

PMID39840927
PMCPMC11904978

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.