ReviewGut microbes2025
Bacterial extracellular vesicles in the initiation, progression and treatment of atherosclerosis.
Review in Gut microbes, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- Invasion of gut-derived escherichia coli extracellular vesicles exacerbates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Review
- Effect of gut bacterial extracellular vesicles on angiogenic potential and vascular integrity: positive and negative aspects.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Review
- Potential Association Between Apical Periodontitis and Cardiovascular Disease: A Narrative Review of Evidence and Clinical Implications.Anatolian journal of cardiology · 2026Review
- Optimizing genetic engineering approaches for protein loading into bacterial extracellular vesicles for vaginal drug delivery.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2026Article
- Bacterial outer membrane vesicles as intrinsically immunogenic and highly modifiable nanocarriers for precision tumor therapy.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Liver Diseases.Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2026Review
- A novel protein B2URF3 from Akkermansia muciniphila increased by intermittent fasting alleviates vascular calcification.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Mechanisms and clinical implications of gut-brain interactions.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Bacterial extracellular vesicles as multifaceted regulators of human diseases and emerging therapeutic platforms.Theranostics · 2026Review
- Bacterial extracellular vesicles as central mediators of microbiota-host communication.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in Aging: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Prospects.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Source-Specific Extracellular Vesicle Functions and Engineering Strategies for Chronic Pain Management: A Comprehensive Review.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- The role of extracellular vesicles in intercellular communication within the oral cavity.Journal of oral microbiology · 2026Review
- The potential role of trained immunity in HIV-associated atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Gut Microbiota and Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles: Emerging Roles in Myocardial Remodelling and Cardiac Health.Journal of extracellular biology · 2025Review
- The therapeutic effects of natural organosulfur compounds on atherosclerosis and their potential mechanisms: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Editorial: Gut microbiota and gastrointestinal disorders, volume II.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Oral microbiota in cardiovascular health and disease.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Exploring the Molecular Functions and Immune Relevance of Macrophage-Associated Genes in Atherosclerosis.Human mutation · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the primary cause of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. However, current anti-atherosclerosis drugs have shown conflicting therapeutic outcomes, thereby spurring the search for novel and effective treatments. Recent research indicates the crucial involvement of oral and gastrointestinal microbiota in atherosclerosis. While gut microbiota metabolites, such as choline derivatives, have been extensively studied and reviewed, emerging evidence suggests that bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs), which are membrane-derived lipid bilayers secreted by bacteria, also play a significant role in this process. However, the role of BEVs in host-microbiota interactions remains insufficiently explored. This review aims to elucidate the complex communication mediated by BEVs along the gut-heart axis. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on BEVs, with a specific focus on how pathogen-derived BEVs contribute to the promotion of atherosclerosis, as well as how BEVs from gut symbionts and probiotics may mitigate its progression. We also explore the potential and challenges associated with engineered BEVs in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. Finally, we discuss the benefits and challenges of using BEVs in atherosclerosis diagnosis and treatment, and propose future research directions to address these issues.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.