ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2025
Improved Efficacy of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Immunotherapy via Hydrogel-Based Co-Delivery of CAR-T Cells and Mitophagy Agonist.
Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Data-Driven Development of Biomedical Hydrogels for Controlled Drug Delivery: Clinical Applications and Emerging Machine-Learning Approaches.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Review
- Injectable Hydrogels for Breast Cancer Therapy: From Tumor Microenvironment-Responsive and Actively Targeted Drug Delivery to Immunotherapy and Theranostics.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Enhancing persistence while managing cytokine release syndrome to embrace next-generation CAR-T cell therapy.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Bridging biomaterials and immunotherapy: hydrogel strategies for next-generation CAR-T cell treatment.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Review
- Advances and challenges of chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy in digestive system malignancies.World journal of clinical oncology · 2026Review
- Obstacles and improvement strategies for CAR-T cell therapy in solid tumors.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Mitochondrial transfer as a driver of immune microenvironment remodeling.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Molecular mechanism and potential role of mitophagy in breast cancer.Journal of Cancer · 2026Review
- Therapeutic Promise of Mitophagy in Cancer: Advancing from Small-Molecule Regulation to Nanotechnology-Enhanced Targeting Therapy.Theranostics · 2026Review
- Hydrogels in the Immune Context: In Vivo Applications for Modulating Immune Responses in Cancer Therapy.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Mitochondrial Transfer Between Cancer and T Cells: Implications for Immune Evasion.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Bidirectional roles of nanoenzymes in enhancing GPC3-CAR T cell infiltration and cancer immunotherapy.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Improved Efficacy of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Immunotherapy via Hydrogel-Based Co-Delivery of CAR-T Cells and Mitophagy Agonist.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- The broad spectrum of cancer and immunotherapy: achievements and limitations.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Mitophagy in the mechanisms of treatment resistance in solid tumors.Oncology reviews · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Leaky and structurally abnormal blood vessels and increased pressure in the tumor interstitium reduce the infiltration of CAR-T cells in solid tumors, including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Furthermore, high burden of tumor cells may cause reduction of infiltrating CAR-T cells and their functional exhaustion. In this study, various effector-to-target (E:T) ratio experiments are established to model the treatment using CAR-T cells in leukemia (high E:T ratio) and solid tumor (low E:T ratio). It is found that the antitumor immune response is decreased in solid tumors with low E:T ratio. Furthermore, single cell sequencing is performed to investigate the functional exhaustion at a low ratio. It is revealed that the inhibition of mitophagy-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction diminished the antitumor efficacy of CAR-T-cell therapy. The mitophagy agonist BC1618 is screened via AI-deep learning and cytokine detection, in vivo and in vitro studies revealed that BC1618 significantly strengthened the antitumor response of CAR-T cells via improving mitophagy. Here, injection hydrogels are engineered for the controlled co-delivery of CAR-T cells and BC1618 that improves the treatment of TNBC. Local delivery of hydrogels creates an inflammatory and mitophagy-enhanced microenvironment at the tumor site, which stimulates the CAR-T cells proliferation, provides antitumor ability persistently, and improves the effect of treatment.
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Registered trials
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