ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2025
Thyroid-Targeted Nano-Bombs Empower HIFU for Graves' Disease.
Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Nanoparticles in Thyroid Autoimmunity: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Wearable Ultrasound Devices for Therapeutic Applications.Nano-micro letters · 2025Review
- Thyroid-Targeted Nano-Bombs Empower HIFU for Graves' Disease.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Targeted-Immunomodulatory Nanomedicines for the Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases via Multiple Administration Routes.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Graves' disease (GD) is an autoimmune disorder with a high incidence rate, particularly affecting women of reproductive age. Current treatment modalities for GD carry significant disadvantages, especially for pregnant or nursing women. As a novel extracorporeal therapeutic technique, high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) shows great promise for treating GD; however, its low treatment efficacy impedes clinical application. In this study, a thyroid-targeted nano-bomb system (PD-PLGA@Si-Ab/PDA-I, PSAPI) is developed to enhance HIFU efficacy and improve therapeutic outcomes for GD. The core structure of PSAPI encapsulates a phase-transition material, perfluorohexane, and the anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac within a poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and silica shell. A polydopamine coating enhances biocompatibility, while iodine loading and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) antibodies grafting ensure targeted delivery to the thyroid. Robust in vitro and in vivo results demonstrated that PSAPI is highly biocompatible, accumulates in the thyroid within 24 h after administration, and significantly potentiates the therapeutic efficacy of HIFU, resulting in markedly reduced inflammatory responses. Transcriptomic analysis revealed a cellular defense mechanism activated in PSAPI-treated cells following HIFU irradiation, highlighting potential molecular targets for the future development of HIFU-sensitizing agents. The biocompatible PSAPI nano-bomb developed in this study holds great transformative potential, addressing critical gaps in current therapeutic practices for GD.
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Registered trials
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