ReviewFrontiers in allergy2024
Sex hormones and allergies: exploring the gender differences in immune responses.
Review in Frontiers in allergy, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed.
- Rebound Pruritus and Urticaria After Discontinuation of Chronic Antihistamine Use-A Scoping Review.Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2026Article
- Risk of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Women with Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: Korean Nationwide Population-Based Cohort.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Peripheral Inflammation In Adult ADHD: Sex Differences And Hematological Markers.The Psychiatric quarterly · 2026Article
- Association of atopic multimorbidity with childhood pet exposure and caesarean section delivery: a retrospective study from the Lifelines Cohort Study.Skin health and disease · 2026Article
- Associations of Comorbid Atopic Dermatitis, Food Allergy, and Respiratory Allergic Diseases with Somatic Problems in Children: A Birth Cohort Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Temporal Patterns of Allergen Sensitisation in the General Population: The LEAD Study.Clinical and translational allergy · 2026Article
- Gut-derived, inflammatory ILC2s disseminate type 2 immunity to remote lung in food allergen-challenged mice.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2026Article
- Age-stratified evaluation of sublingual immunotherapy outcomes in children with allergic rhinitis.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Airborne Ragweed (Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- When Hormones Attack: A Literature Review of Progesterone-Induced Anaphylaxis.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2026Review
- Past diseases history: an important predictor of persistent learning disability in US children.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Sex and Gender in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Does It Matter?Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- Exploring the relative contribution of genetic and external exposomic risk scores to allergies in elderly women.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- IL-33 induces stronger responses in female mast cells and neutrophils: a role for the JNK pathway.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Total Serum IgE Level and Associated Factors in Asthmatic Patients at the University of Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Schisandrin A alleviates allergic rhinitis by restoring Th1/Th2 and Treg/Th17 immune balance.Open life sciences · 2026Article
- The molecular landscape of peach allergy in Tunisia: new insights.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Clinical characteristics of anaphylaxis and risk factors for severe reactions in children: a single-center experience.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Hospital-based patterns of allergen sensitization among 19,787 patients with suspected allergic diseases in Ningbo, China.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Allergies are closely associated with sex-related hormonal variations that influence immune function, leading to distinct symptom profiles. Similar sex-based differences are observed in other immune disorders, such as autoimmune diseases. In allergies, women exhibit a higher prevalence of atopic conditions, such as allergic asthma and eczema, in comparison to men. However, age-related changes play a significant role because men have a higher incidence of allergies until puberty, and then comes a switch ratio of prevalence and severity in women. Investigations into the mechanisms of how the hormones influence the development of these diseases are crucial to understanding the molecular, cellular, and pathological aspects. Sex hormones control the reproductive system and have several immuno-modulatory effects affecting immune cells, including T and B cell development, antibody production, lymphoid organ size, and lymphocyte death. Moreover, studies have suggested that female sex hormones amplify memory immune responses, which may lead to an excessive immune response impacting the pathogenesis, airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation of airways, and mucus production of allergic diseases. The evidence suggests that estrogens enhance immune humoral responses, autoimmunity, mast cell reactivity, and delayed IV allergic reactions, while androgens, progesterone, and glucocorticoids suppress them. This review explores the relationship between sex hormones and allergies, including epidemiological data, experimental findings, and insights from animal models. We discuss the general properties of these hormones, their effects on allergic processes, and clinical observations and therapeutic results. Finally, we describe hypersensitivity reactions to these hormones.
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