Establishing a Just Culture: Implications for the Veterans Health Administration Journey to High Reliability.

Background: To establish a culture of safety and improve patient care, the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) is identifying and implementing necessary parameters and objectives across the health care landscape to enhance services on its journey to becoming a high reliability organization (HRO). Methods: This quality improvement initiative sought to increase the understanding of factors that influence the establishment and sustainment of a just culture and identify specific methods for improving their implementation. Focus groups of HRO leads at 16 VHA hospital facilities identified emergent themes, facilitators, and barriers to maintaining a just culture and developed recommendations for enhancing both psychological safety and accountabilitity. Results: The study identified the 5 key facilitators, barriers, and recommendations most frequently mentioned by HRO leads during focus group sessions. Implementing these strategies can potentially improve care standards and patient outcomes. Successfully integrating these recommendations demands consistent dedication, cooperation, and effort from stakeholders across all system levels, accompanied by regular evaluations to fortify the just culture principles. Conclusions: This study offers an enriched perspective on initiating and sustaining a just culture and the broader application of HRO principles in health care. The methodology can act as a blueprint for broader HRO integration in the VHA and other institutions, particularly when paired with continuous quantitative evaluation of safety culture, just culture practices, and patient outcomes.