A comprehensive review of flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS): Topologies,applications, optimal placement, and innovative models.

Mehrdad Tarafdar Hagh, Mohammad Ali Jabbary Borhany, Kamran Taghizad-Tavana, Morteza Zare Oskouei

Abstract readReview

In one paragraph

Review in Heliyon, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Mehrdad Tarafdar HaghFaculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.

Mohammad Ali Jabbary BorhanyFaculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.

Kamran Taghizad-TavanaFaculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.

Morteza Zare OskoueiFaculty of Electrical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This paper is a comprehensive reference for researchers interested in flexible AC alternating current transmission systems (FACTS) technologies. This study investigates modified UPFC models. Besides UPFC, an overview of DPFC will be presented, and the critical differences between these advanced power flow control technologies will be discussed. In particular, we will do a comparative evaluation of three well-known DPFC models: Distributed Series Reactor (DSR), Distributed Static Series Compensator (DSSC), and Distributed Unified Power Flow Controller (DUPFC). This work also discusses the latest models of FACTS technology, such as Carbon Nanotubes (CNT), Multi-winding transformers (MWT), and Line-to-Line Compensators (LLC). Finally, this review paper introduces advanced optimization techniques for optimal placement and design of FACTS devices.

Indexed as

Flexible AC transmission systemspower qualityReliabilityStatic synchronous compensatorsUnified Power Flow Controller

Identifiers

PMID39839510

DOI10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e41001

PMCPMC11748684

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY-NC-ND

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.