Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39839495›Full record

ArticleMaterials today. Bio2025

Precise intracellular uptake and endosomal release of diverse functional mRNA payloads via glutathione-responsive nanogels.

Rupali Dabas, Naveenan Navaratnam, Haruki Iino, Saidbakhrom Saidjalolov, Stefan Matile, David Carling, David S Rueda, Nazila Kamaly

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Materials today. Bio, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Rupali DabasCellular Stress Research Group, MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, W12 0HS, London, UK.
Naveenan NavaratnamCellular Stress Research Group, MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, W12 0HS, London, UK.
Haruki IinoSingle Molecule Imaging Group, MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, W12 0HS, London, UK.
Saidbakhrom SaidjalolovDepartment of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Stefan MatileDepartment of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
David CarlingCellular Stress Research Group, MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, W12 0HS, London, UK.
David S RuedaSingle Molecule Imaging Group, MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, W12 0HS, London, UK.
Nazila KamalyDepartment of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, W12 0BZ, London, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We present a novel, highly customizable glutathione-responsive nanogel (NG) platform for efficient mRNA delivery with precise mRNA payload release control. Optimization of various cationic monomers, including newly synthesized cationic polyarginine, polyhistidine, and acrylated guanidine monomers, allowed fine-tuning of NG properties for mRNA binding. By incorporating a poly(ethylene) glycol-based disulphide crosslinker, we achieved glutathione-triggered mRNA release, enabling targeted intracellular delivery. Our NGs demonstrated superior encapsulation (up to 89.3 %) and loading (10.7 %) efficiencies, with controlled mRNA release kinetics at intracellular glutathione concentrations. NGs outperformed commercial transfection reagents across multiple cell lines, including traditionally difficult-to-transfect lines. We demonstrate the platform's versatility by successfully delivering GFP mRNA, Mango II RNA aptamers, and functionally relevant β2-AMPK mRNA. Furthermore, we used TIRF microscopy to measure exact RNA copy number within the NGs. Notably, mechanistic cellular uptake studies revealed that disulphide-containing NGs exhibit enhanced cellular uptake and endosomal escape, potentially due to interactions with cell surface thiols. This work represents a highly tuneable, efficient, and biocompatible platform for mRNA delivery with relevance for gene therapy and vaccine development.

Indexed as

AMPKdisulphide crosslinkerGFP mRNAGlutathione-responsive nanogelsMango II RNA aptamersmRNA deliveryNanogels

Identifiers

PMID39839495
PMCPMC11745970

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.