ArticleQuantitative imaging in medicine and surgery2025
Brain temperature mapping based on chemical exchange saturation transfer signal at 2 ppm.
Article in Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Brain temperature signifies the thermal homeostasis of the tissue, and may serve as a marker for neuroprotective therapy. Currently, it remains challenging to map the human brain temperature with high spatial resolution. The thermal dependence of chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) effects of endogenous labile protons may provide a promising mechanism for the absolute brain temperature imaging. In this study, we aimed to investigate the temperature dependency of the CEST effect of creatine (CrCEST), and contemplate its feasibility for brain temperature mapping. Methods: Creatine (Cr) was selected as the endogenous agent to probe the brain temperature. Proof-of-concept phantom experiments were first conducted using a 400 MHz nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer and a 5.0 T magnetic resonance (MR) scanner at various temperatures. A multi-pool Lorentzian fitting model was utilized to quantify the apparent chemical shift, amplitude, linewidth, and integral of CrCEST peak at around 2 ppm. Regression analysis was performed to estimate the thermal response of these CrCEST parameters. Finally, the temperature mapping of Results: A robust linear correlation between the apparent chemical shift of CrCEST and temperature was identified in the Conclusions: The CEST-based approach proposed in this study suggests a path toward label-free brain thermometry
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