Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39838876›Full record

ArticleHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2025

Efficiency enhancement in main path extraction in mRNA vaccine field: A novel approach leveraging intermediate patents, with shielding origin and terminus patent edges.

Ting Zhang, Zhongquan Jian, Juan Chen, Dongzi Xu, Xiaoyi Yang, Yan Lu, Shu Yan, Lizi Pan, Qingqiang Wu, Zhaolian Ouyang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Ting ZhangInstitute of Medical Information & Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Zhongquan JianInstitute of Artificial Intelligence, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
Juan ChenInstitute of Medical Information & Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Dongzi XuInstitute of Medical Information & Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Xiaoyi YangInstitute of Medical Information & Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Yan LuInstitute of Medical Information & Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Shu YanInstitute of Medical Information & Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Lizi PanInstitute of Medical Information & Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Qingqiang WuXiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
Zhaolian OuyangInstitute of Medical Information & Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

mRNA vaccines offer groundbreaking technological advantages and broad application potential. Their rapid advancement, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, is the result of decades of research and numerous technological breakthroughs. These discoveries build upon each other, forming dense, interconnected networks of progress. Studying the technological development paths of mRNA vaccines is therefore essential. Main path analysis (MPA) is particularly effective for mapping out development trajectories within complex and interconnected networks, which serves as a powerful tool for identifying key nodes and innovations. This study introduces a novel approach to extracting main paths from a patent citation network in the mRNA vaccine field. Initially, we shielded edges connecting the origin and terminus patents. Subsequently, we extracted the main paths from intermediate patents, and then, we reintegrated the edges connecting the origin and terminus patents based on the citation relationships, resulting in a comprehensive extraction of the main paths. The research findings indicate a consistency among the global main paths, global key-route main paths, local forward main paths, and local key-route main paths within the mRNA vaccine field. The patents on the main paths predominantly focus on nucleic acid modifications and delivery systems. The local backward main paths identify a greater number of patents, especially those related to litigation, offering a richer and more diverse set of technological insights. This study significantly advances the methodology of MPA, with the innovative shielding technique offering a fresh perspective for navigating complex networks and providing a deeper understanding of technological development in the mRNA vaccine domain.

Indexed as

COVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesmRNA VaccinesPatents as TopicVaccine DevelopmentVaccines, SyntheticHumansSARS-CoV-2COVID-19 VaccinesmRNA VaccinesVaccines, Syntheticdelivery systemsintermediate patentsmain path analysis (MPA)mRNA vaccinenucleic acid modificationspatent citation networksearch path link count (SPLC)shielding edges

Identifiers

PMID39838876
PMCPMC12934177

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.