Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39838724›Full record

ArticleAdvanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)2025

Solvothermal Template-Induced Hierarchical Porosity in Covalent Organic Frameworks: A Pathway to Enhanced Diffusivity.

Fabian Heck, Lars Grunenberg, Nadine Schnabel, Amelie Heilmaier, Thomas Sottmann, Liang Yao, Bettina V Lotsch

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Mechanical and Light Activation of Materials for Chemical Production.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Fabian HeckMax Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0198-3398
Lars GrunenbergMax Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6831-4626
Nadine SchnabelCollaborative Research Center 1333, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8504-3358
Amelie HeilmaierMax Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0211-7398
Thomas SottmannCollaborative Research Center 1333, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3679-3703
Liang YaoState Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Centre of Excellence for Energy and Information Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5415-6540
Bettina V LotschMax Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3094-303X

Funding

Cluster of Excellence e-conversion EXC 2089/1-390776260Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft 358283783 - SFB 1333/2 2022Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The rapid advancement of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) in recent years has firmly established them as a new class of molecularly precise and highly tuneable porous materials. However, compared to other porous materials, such as zeolites and metal-organic frameworks, the successful integration of hierarchical porosity into COFs remains largely unexplored. The challenge lies in identifying appropriate synthetic methods to introduce secondary pores without compromising the intrinsic structural porosity of COFs. In this study, a template-induced synthetic methodology is realized to facilitate the construction of hierarchically porous COFs (hCOFs). This novel approach utilizes commercially available zinc oxide nanoparticles as a hard template, enabling to increase the total pore volume of a series of β-ketoenamine-linked COFs as well as an imine-based COF while preserving their surface areas. In addition to transmission electron microscopy and gas adsorption analyses, small-angle X-ray scattering and pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance techniques are employed to investigate the hierarchical porosity and diffusivity of guest molecules within hCOFs. This study demonstrates that the hierarchically porous nature of hCOFs significantly reduces diffusion limitations, thus leading to simultaneous enhancements in adsorption capacity, diffusivity, and catalytic performance.

Indexed as

covalent organic frameworksdiffusionelectrochemical CO2 reductiongas adsorptionhierarchical porositypulsed field gradient NMRsynthetic methodology

Identifiers

PMID39838724
PMCPMC12747491

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.