ArticleCNS & neurological disorders drug targets2025
Comparison of Guided and Unguided Botulinum Injections for Cervical Dystonia: EMG, Ultrasound, and Anatomic Landmarks.
Article in CNS & neurological disorders drug targets, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Dystonia 3×3: A Training Guideline for Beginners in Botulinum Neurotoxin Treatment of Cervical Dystonia.Toxins · 2026Guideline
- Case Series and Literature Review on Botulinum Toxin Efficacy in Axial Extensor Truncal Dystonia.Toxins · 2025Review
- Comparing Injection Methods of Botulinum Toxin A for Cervical Dystonia: A Systematic Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Multimodal machine learning to predict response to ultrasound-guided botulinum and vibration therapy in muscle spasticity a clinical and imaging correlation study.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBotulinum Toxin type A (BonTA) is the preferred treatment for Cervical Dystonia (CD). However, the success rate is often suboptimal. One of the reasons for treatment failure is the inaccuracy of injections. Some physicians rely on Anatomical Landmarks (AL) for injections, while others use either Ultrasound (US) or Electromyography guidance (EMGg) to improve accuracy.
methodsThis retrospective two-center study compared the therapeutic outcomes of AL-based and EMGg injections with USg injections. Demographic and clinical assessments of previous visits and current visits were recorded between 2019 and 2023.
resultsFifty-one patients were included. Six patients were injected using AL, 14 patients under EMGg, and 31 patients received USg injections. Pain relief was significantly lower for the AL group (40.0% ± 22.4%) compared to both USg and EMGg (81.2% ± 34.0% and 82.2% ± 10.3%, respectively; p = 0.001). Dysphagia was reported in 7.1% of EMGg and 16% of the USg group and none of those treated with AL (p > 0.05).
conclusionThe results of this study demonstrated that the clinical outcomes of USg and EMGg BonTA injections are comparable and both techniques are superior to AL. The main side effect observed was dysphagia, which was more common in the USg group, although without reaching statistical significance.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.