ArticleInfluenza and other respiratory viruses2025
Assessing the Impact of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions During the COVID-19 Pandemic on RSV Seasonality in Europe.
Article in Influenza and other respiratory viruses, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Incidence of respiratory syncytial virus and influenza: A Danish nationwide cohort study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- What Form of RSV Protection Do Women Prefer: Maternal Vaccination or Infant Immunisation? A Cross-Sectional Survey in Europe.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Article
- Reconstructing severe acute respiratory infection dynamics from ICD-10 hospital discharge data: a 10-year analysis of 11.2 million discharges in Ecuador, 2014-2023.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Epidemiological Shifts in Respiratory Virus Infections Among Older Adults (≥65 Years) Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic: An 18-Year Retrospective Study in the Republic of Korea.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Correction to "Assessing the Impact of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions During the COVID-19 Pandemic on RSV Seasonality in Europe".Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2025Article
- Six-year epidemiological dynamics of human respiratory syncytial virus infections in children in central China (2019-2024): pandemic suppression, 2023 resurgence, and immune debt effect.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, atypical respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) circulation patterns emerged, with the occurrence of RSV activity outside the typical winter season. This study investigates the impact of COVID-19 and associated non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) on RSV seasonality.
methodsThe onset, offset and peak of RSV epidemics from 2018 to 2022 across 12 European countries were determined using the 3% positivity threshold method. A multilevel longitudinal logit regression model for proportions assessed the associations between five NPIs (school closures, mask use, workplace measures, public gathering restrictions and closure of public spaces) and RSV, utilising RSV surveillance data, two NPI databases (ECDC-JRC and Oxford) and COVID-19 surveillance data.
resultsBefore 2020, consistent RSV seasonality patterns were observed, but the seasonal increase of RSV-positive cases in winter remained absent during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2022). Analysis revealed inconsistent associations between individual NPIs and RSV. The associations differed depending on the data source used (ECDC-JRC or Oxford), not only in magnitude but also in the direction of the coefficients. Public gathering restrictions and closure of public spaces exhibited significant negative associations with RSV incidence. However, this was only observed when using surveillance data for the entire epidemiological year and not when only examining weeks with increased RSV activity.
conclusionsThis study highlights the need for standardised international data collection and procedures for infectious disease modelling, as varying NPI implementations, NPI registration and RSV surveillance across countries complicate the understanding of RSV dynamics during the pandemic. Caution is recommended when interpreting the effects of NPIs on RSV circulation.
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