Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39837506›Full record

ArticleProceedings. Biological sciences2025

Wild recognition: conducting the mark test for mirror self-recognition on wild baboons.

Esa A Ahmad, Helen Reiderman, Elise Huchard, Axelle Delaunay, Vittoria Roatti, Guy Cowlishaw, Alecia Carter

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings. Biological sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Brain Network Signature of Autoscopic Phenomena in Humans.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025
    Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Esa A AhmadDepartment of Anthropology, University College London, London, UK.
Helen ReidermanDepartment of Anthropology, University College London, London, UK.
Elise HuchardInstitut des Sciences de L'Evolution de Montpellier, UMR 5554, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
Axelle Delaunay *Institut des Sciences de L'Evolution de Montpellier, UMR 5554, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.ORCID 0000-0003-4828-3989
Vittoria Roatti *Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-9992-8524
Guy CowlishawGobabeb Namib Research Institute, Walvis Bay, Namibia.
Alecia CarterDepartment of Anthropology, University College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-5550-9312

Funding

ANRSigrid Rausing Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The distribution of self-awareness across species is important to understand, not only as a matter of scientific interest but also because of its implications for the ethical standing of non-human animals. The prevailing methodology for determining self-awareness is to test for visual self-recognition using mirror-image stimulation and a 'mark test'. However, most studies have involved very small sample sizes, omitted a control condition and been conducted on captive animals. Here, we designed and implemented the first controlled mark test in a wild setting, conducting the mark test using a laser pointer on a large (

Indexed as

Papio ursinusRecognition, PsychologyVisual PerceptionAnimalsFemaleMalebaboonmark testmirror self-recognitionPapio ursinusself-awareness

Identifiers

PMID39837506
PMCPMC11750390

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.