Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39837479›Full record

ArticleJournal of the Royal Society, Interface2025

Autonomous learning of generative models with chemical reaction network ensembles.

William Poole, Thomas E Ouldridge, Manoj Gopalkrishnan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the Royal Society, Interface, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trainable computation in molecular networks.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  2. Modelling the prebiotic origins of regulation and agency in evolving protocell ecologies.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

William PooleCalifornia Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2958-6776
Thomas E OuldridgeImperial College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-8114-8602
Manoj GopalkrishnanIndian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Funding

National Science Foundation
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Can a micron-sized sack of interacting molecules autonomously learn an internal model of a complex and fluctuating environment? We draw insights from control theory, machine learning theory, chemical reaction network theory and statistical physics to develop a general architecture whereby a broad class of chemical systems can autonomously learn complex distributions. Our construction takes the form of a chemical implementation of machine learning's optimization workhorse: gradient descent on the relative entropy cost function, which we demonstrate can be viewed as a form of integral feedback control. We show how this method can be applied to optimize any detailed balanced chemical reaction network and that the construction is capable of using hidden units to learn complex distributions.

Indexed as

Machine LearningModels, ChemicalBoltzmann machinechemical reaction networkfeedback controlgenerative modelsgradient descentmolecular programming

Identifiers

PMID39837479
PMCPMC11771824

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.