SynthesisThe British journal of radiology2025
A systematic review of indocyanine green lymphography imaging for the diagnosis of primary lymphoedema.
Synthesis in The British journal of radiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- LNVA for treating secondary lymphedema: A systematic review.JPRAS open · 2026Review
- Rediscovering the Ciucci pathway: in-vivo evidence of a palmar lymphatic channel.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2026Article
- Lymphedema imaging and AI: A review of diagnostic modalities, biomarkers, and clinical integration.Biomedical journal · 2026Review
- Indocyanine green lymphography imaging of normal lymphatic drainage in the lower limbs.The British journal of radiology · 2026Article
- [Research progress of lymphaticovenous anastomosis in treatment of secondary lymphedema].Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery · 2026Review
- Article
- Multiple injections of indocyanine green for improving the outcomes of lymphatic-venous anastomosis reconstruction of lymphatic return under microscopy: A case report.The Journal of international medical research · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThis systematic review aims to evaluate the use of indocyanine green lymphography (ICGL) for the investigation of the lymphatics in the lower limbs of primary lymphoedema patients.
methodsMEDLINE and EMBASE articles from January 1, 2000 to September 1, 2023 were searched for. A total of 11 studies were included in the review after a two-stage screening process.
resultsData on patient demographics, ICG contrast injection technique, imaging protocols, and imaging outcomes were summarized and reviewed in detail. The review highlights the lack of commonality in protocols used. Factors important for good imaging are highly variable, particularly the number of injections, their location, and whether they are delivered intradermally or subcutaneously.
conclusionsICGL has strong potential to become a diagnostic tool to diagnose lymphoedema due to its non-ionizing nature and cost-effectiveness. However, due to the lack of thorough phenotyping and genotyping of patients included in the studies, uncertainty still exists as to the value of the described imaging features such as splash, starburst, and diffuse dermal rerouting patterns. Future studies, therefore, should aim to explore the diagnostic utility of ICGL for lymphoedema further through the imaging of primary lymphoedema patients with a confirmed genetic diagnosis and using standardized imaging protocols. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: ICGL is a strong candidate for advancing the diagnosis and understanding of primary lymphoedema, and monitoring response to treatment, but protocol heterogeneity and a lack of consistency in reporting imaging details and patient phenotyping currently hold it back.
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