ReviewThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2025
Clinical Manifestations and Treatment Challenges in Infants and Children With Classic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Due to 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency.
Review in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- [A follow-up study of 10 Uyghur children with 11β-hydroxylase deficiency in the Xinjiang region].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2026Article
- Glucocorticoid reduction after starting crinecerfont in pediatric patients with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia: practical perspectives.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Review
- Glucocorticoid reduction after starting crinecerfont in adult patients with classic CAH: practical perspectives.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Article
- Neonatal reference intervals for salivary steroids: focus on prematurity, stressful events and perinatal betamethasone.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The most common form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is secondary to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD). This review will summarize the clinical manifestations, recommended treatments, monitoring, clinical challenges and management strategy, and treatment challenges in special situations for infants and children with classic CAH due to 21OHD. Specifically, we review newborn screening and the initial diagnosis, glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid treatment, and recommended monitoring, including anthropometric and laboratory measures. Children with CAH may have premature adrenarche, precocious puberty, and early growth plate closure and have an increased risk of hypertension and overweight/obesity. Many 46,XX individuals will also have genital differences, which may include clitoromegaly and/or a urogenital sinus. We review psychosocial and surgical considerations, including suggestions on how to talk with children, family, and caregivers about bodily difference. These suggestions may be used by families and/or providers caring for individuals with CAH.
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Registered trials
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