ArticleImmunity, inflammation and disease2025
Histogram of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient to Evaluate the Activity of Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy.
Article in Immunity, inflammation and disease, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Orbital MRI for thyroid eye disease activity staging: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Pooled it
- A DWI histogram-based nomogram for preoperative prediction of pathogens and antibiotic resistance in perianal abscesses.International journal of colorectal disease · 2026Article
- Quantitative intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging histogram profiling identifies diffusion biomarkers for active thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.BMC medical imaging · 2026Article
- Assessment of disease activity in Graves' orbitopathy.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2025Review
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3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the activity of extraocular muscles (EOMs) in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) using turbo spin echo imaging. By analyzing tissue heterogeneity, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram analysis offers enhanced insights into edema within the EOMs.
methodsEighty-eight patients with TAO were retrospectively evaluated and allocated into active (n = 24, clinical activity score [CAS] ≥ 3) and inactive (n = 64, CAS < 3) groups. The parameter values of the ADC histogram of EOMs were measured; the efficacy of ADC histograms in distinguishing between TAO activity and inactivity was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves. Multifactorial logistic regression was used to determine active TAO predictors.
resultsThe minimum, maximum, median, mean; and 1st, 5th, 10th, 25th, 75th, 90th, 95th, and 99th percentiles of the ADC histograms were higher in patients with active than that in participants with inactive TAO. The area under the curve (AUC) of the 10th percentile of the ADC histogram and the median distinguishing between active and inactive TAOs were both 0.791 (both p < 0.05), and the AUCs of the combined model of age, sex, smoking, and the 10th percentile in the ADC histogram were better than those of their individual models and the combined model of age, sex, and smoking (all p < 0.05). Smoking and male sex, along with the median > 1.26 μm
conclusionADC histograms provide a new method for distinguishing active from inactive TAO, and the 10th percentile enhances the clinical diagnosis of active TAO. In addition to male sex and smoking, an ADC histogram median > 1.26 μm²/s, entropy > 4.03, or SD > 0.4 may also predict active TAO.
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