ArticleJournal of cosmetic dermatology2025
Topographic Analysis of the Periorbital Region Including Orbicularis Oculi Muscle Based on Ultrasonography Interpretation.
Article in Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Accessing the Levator Labii Superioris Alaeque Nasi (LLSAN) Muscle for the Treatment of Infraorbital Dimples-A Case Report.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveUltrasonographic examination is easy, fast, safe, and used in various fields; however, its application to the facial area has been limited. Complex anatomical structures are mixed within thin, soft tissues in the facial region; therefore, understanding their structural characteristics is crucial. This study aimed to use ultrasonography to obtain information on the layered structure and soft tissue thickness of the eye area around the orbicularis oculi muscle and provide guidance for clinical practice.
methodsHealthy volunteers (33 men and 19 women; mean age: 28.4 years) underwent ultrasonography with nine reference points. The soft tissue thickness, including the orbicularis oculi muscle, was measured on monochromatic images. Ultrasonographic scans were performed at facial landmarks using linear transducers (IO8-17, E-CUBE15, Alpinion Medical System, Seoul, Korea), with images scanned transversely. The thickness was measured using ImageJ (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA).
resultsThe mean thickness of the orbicularis oculi muscle was 1.56 ± 0.45 mm (range 1.03-2.31 mm). The highest thickness was measured at the points VII (2.31 ± 0.68 mm) and VI (2.15 ± 0.48 mm). The mean depth of the orbicularis oculi muscle was 1.63 ± 0.62 mm (range 0.88-2.80 mm), and the most superficial point was 0.88 ± 0.99, at point VII.
conclusionThis study provides critical anatomical data that can enhance the precision of ultrasound-guided procedures in the periorbital area, allowing clinicians to accurately target the muscle layer and soft tissue structures. By utilizing these findings, practitioners can optimize treatment effectiveness, reduce complications, and improve outcomes in cosmetic procedures such as botulinum toxin injections, filler placements, and other non-invasive facial treatments. The detailed anatomical insights gained from this study will help bridge the gap between anatomical understanding and clinical application, promoting safer and more efficient aesthetic interventions.
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