Male-assisted training and injury patterns: hypergraph-enhanced analysis of injuries in women's water polo.

Introduction: The aim of this study is to compare the injury patterns of female water polo players before and after the implementation of the Male-Assisted Female Training (MAFT) program. The study seeks to identify key factors influencing these changes and propose corresponding injury prevention measures. Methods: We utilized pattern analysis and classification techniques to explore the injury data. A Hypergraph Neural Network (HGNN) was employed for pattern extraction, where each athlete was represented as a node in a hypergraph, with node dimensions capturing high-order relational embedding information. We applied the graph Laplacian operator to aggregate neighborhood features and visualize structural and feature differences in hypergraphs based on different influencing factors. Additionally, we introduced graph structure regularization to improve classification accuracy and prevent overfitting in the relatively small dataset, enhancing our ability to identify critical factors affecting injury types. Results: The analysis revealed significant differences in injury patterns before and after the MAFT program, with specific influencing factors being identified through both pattern recognition and classification techniques. The classification models, supported by graph structure regularization, achieved improved accuracy in distinguishing key features that contributed to changes in injury types. Discussion: These findings provide insights into the critical factors influencing injury patterns in female water polo players and highlight the effectiveness of the MAFT program in mitigating certain injury risks. Based on the identified features, we propose targeted preventive measures to reduce injury incidence, particularly in relation to changes brought about by the MAFT training mode. Further research is needed to refine these measures and explore their long-term effectiveness.