ArticleJournal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD2025
Associations between dementia and exposure to topical glaucoma medications.
Article in Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundSome studies have suggested that glaucoma may be associated with neurodegeneration and a higher risk of dementia.
objectiveTo evaluate whether exposure to different categories of topical glaucoma medications is associated with differential dementia risks in people with glaucoma.
methodsWe used data from Adult Changes in Thought, a population-based, prospective cohort study that follows cognitively normal older adults from Kaiser Permanente Washington (KPWA) until Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementia development. We included participants with a diagnosis of glaucoma, KPWA pharmacy records of filling topical glaucoma medication (alpha-adrenergic agonists [AAA], beta-adrenergic antagonists, miotics, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors [CAI], and prostaglandins) and at least 10 years of pharmacy records. Eight-year sliding windows were derived for each medication class by computing days on each medication starting 10 years earlier and excluding the most recent 2 years. Cox regression used all 5 classes of medication simultaneously to predict AD and all-cause dementia.
resultsWe included 521 participants (mean age 78 [range 65-96], 62% female) with
conclusionsAmong older adults with treated glaucoma, exposure to alpha-adrenergic agonists appears to be associated with risk for developing all-cause dementia.
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