Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39833787›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2025

Kidney failure-related excess mortality during the first three years of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States: a nation-wide, population-based analysis.

Zhenhu Chen, Pingping Jia, Di Xie, Jingyu Xie, Juan Liu, Wangnan Cao, Lefei Han, Jinjun Ran, Shengzhi Sun, Shi Zhao and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Zhenhu Chen *Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.253 Industrial Avenue Middle, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
Pingping Jia *Center for Clinical and Epidemiologic Research, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China.
Di XieDivision of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Jingyu XieDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
Juan LiuDepartment of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Wangnan CaoDepartment of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Lefei HanSchool of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Jinjun RanSchool of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Shengzhi SunSchool of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Shi ZhaoJC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Yang GeSchool of Health Professions, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, USA.
Leonardo MartinezDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
Xin ChenDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.253 Industrial Avenue Middle, Guangzhou, 510280, China. hxkd006@smu.edu.cn.
Peihua CaoDepartment of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.253 Industrial Avenue Middle, Guangzhou, 510280, China. cphcc@smu.edu.cn.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 81903406Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China 202201011245
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe onset of the COVID-19 pandemic has had a detrimental impact on the healthcare system. Patients with kidney failure and related kidney disease are notably vulnerable to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it remains unclear how mortality trends associated with kidney failure have evolved over the past three years. In this study, we investigated temporal trends in excess kidney failure-related mortality during the first three years of the pandemic in the United States.

methodsWe aim to estimate time-varying excess kidney failure-related mortality, which is defined as the difference between observed mortality and expected mortality predicted by a Poisson log-linear regression model, in the United States (March 2020-March 2023).

resultsOur findings revealed two distinct peaks in excess kidney failure-related mortality during the first year (March 2020-February 2021) and the second year (February 2021-March 2022), whereas a notable decline in excess mortality was observed in the third year (March 2022-March 2023). Additionally, disparities in mortality were evident among various demographic groups, including age, sex, racial/ethnic subgroups, and geographic regions. Across all age subgroups, an increase in kidney failure-related mortalities was observed, with individuals aged 85 years and above experiencing the most substantial relative increase, reaching 9595.8 per million persons (95% CI: 9438.8, 9752.9). Moreover, excess kidney failure-related mortalities were recorded at 510.3 per million persons (95% CI: 502.6, 517.9) and 721.8 per million persons (95% CI: 713.4, 730.1) for women and men, respectively. Notably, non-Hispanic Blacks exhibited the highest excess mortality within the racial/ethnic group, registering at 772.6 per million persons (95% CI: 756.3, 788.9).

conclusionsOur study observed high levels of excess kidney failure-related mortality during the first two years of the pandemic, followed by a notable decline in the third year. This highlights the effectiveness of current policies and prevention measures implemented to mitigate the impact of the pandemic.

Indexed as

COVID-19Renal InsufficiencyAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overChildFemaleHumansInfantMaleMiddle AgedPandemicsUnited StatesYoung AdultCOVID-19Excess mortalityKidney failureTemporal pattern

Identifiers

PMID39833787
PMCPMC11745008

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.