ArticleBMC ophthalmology2025
Changes in tear cytokine and lactoferrin levels in postmenopausal women with primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction complicated with obstructed meibomian gland dysfunction.
Article in BMC ophthalmology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effect of Meibomian Gland Expression on Meibomian Gland Regeneration and Function: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Trial
- Immuno-inflammatory axis of menopausal dry eye: from hormonal fluctuations to ocular surface dysregulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Upper eyelid predominance of meibomian gland dysfunction in postmenopausal women with primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Dissolving Microneedles Containing Lactoferrin Nanosuspension for Enhancement of Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Effects in the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundEpiphora and secondary ocular surface damage are increasingly impairing the quality of life of people, particularly elderly women. We aimed to investigate the changes in tear cytokine and lactoferrin levels in postmenopausal women with primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO) complicated with obstructed meibomian gland dysfunction (OMGD) and preliminary explore the pathological mechanisms of OMGD in patients with PANDO.
methodsThe prospective study involved 43 and 41 postmenopausal women with and without PANDO, respectively. Based on the presence or absence of OMGD, the participants were subdivided. Tear fluid was collected from affected eyes of all participants using Schirmer I test and tested for cytokine concentrations (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-1β, interferon-gamma, tumour necrotic factor (TNF)-α, IL-10, epidermal growth factor (EGF)) using the Multiplex Luminex Assay. Tear lactoferrin levels was determined using ELISA.
resultsIn the PANDO with OMGD group, the IL-8, IL-1α, IL-1β, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α levels were significantly higher than those in the other groups. The IL-6 and TNF-α levels were significantly higher than those in the controls. The lactoferrin level in the PANDO with OMGD group was lower than that in the Non-PANDO with OMGD group. The IL-10 and EGF levels were not significantly different among the groups.
conclusionThe level of pro-inflammatory factors in the tears of patients with PANDO complicated with OMGD was significantly increased, which is likely to cause further damage to ocular surface. Anti-inflammatory therapy may help protect ocular surface in postmenopausal women with PANDO.
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