ArticleBMC cancer2025
Dual role of Cathepsin S in cutaneous melanoma: insights from mendelian randomization and bioinformatics analysis.
Article in BMC cancer, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Ultraviolet radiation as a double-edged regulator of melanocyte function in vitiligo therapy and melanoma carcinogenesis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Integrative Mendelian randomization and spatial transcriptomics analysis reveals causal links between plasma lipidome and non-small cell lung cancer.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- The oncogenic role of CCDC34 in lower-grade gliomas: prognostic significance and therapeutic potential.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2025Article
- Causal effects of circulating inflammatory proteins on colorectal cancer: a Mendelian randomization and Spatial transcriptomic study.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Integrating multi-omics, network pharmacology, and experimental validation to unveil the molecular mechanisms ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- TAM Plasticity under androgen deprivation therapy and PARP inhibition in prostate cancer: a multi-omics perspective.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Integrative Multiomics Analysis Identifies HK2 as a Key Regulator of Metabolic Reprogramming in Hepatic Stellate Cells.Human mutation · 2025Article
- Article
- Multi-omics integration identifies ASPH and PTTG1 as potential causal drivers of lung adenocarcinoma progression and immune evasion.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Case Report: Imaging findings in sneaky subungual amelanotic melanoma.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCutaneous melanoma (CM) is strongly associated with ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which contributes to the transformation of melanocytes into melanoma by inducing specific DNA damage. Here, we investigated the causal relationship between CM and genes related to sun-damaged skin, exploring specific target genes through various bioinformatics analyses.
methodsThe Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was used to obtain differential genes for CM and normal skin, and the Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) analysis offered summary-level melanoma data for CM. Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were used to examine the correlated linkage between CM and sun-exposed skin genes. The MR studies were conducted mainly using Inverse Variance Weighting (IVW), MR-Egger, Weighted Median, simple and weighted patterns to predict the correlation between sun-exposed skin and CM. Finally, the role of target genes in CM was revealed by pan-cancer analysis, expression and immune-infiltration evaluations, immuno-checking targeting analysis, immunotherapy response analysis, survival analysis, and protein-protein interactions (PPI) network and enrichment analyses.
resultUsing matrix data from the GSE15605, GSE46517, and GSE111452 datasets, bioinformatics analysis revealed 232 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between CM and typical tissues. MR analysis indicated that only CTSS has a deleterious effect linking skin exposure to sunlight and CM. Analysis of CTSS expression in tumors and tissues, along with the construction of a prognostic model, revealed that CTSS expression was higher in both primary CM and metastatic CM compared to normal skin tissue. However, patients with higher CTSS expression had a higher prognosis. In addition, high CTSS expression was significantly and positively correlated with tumor mutation rate, tumor microenvironment, immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoints and immunotherapy efficacy.
conclusionUsing MR analysis, we found a positive causal relationship between the CTSS gene in sun-exposed skin and CM. Additionally, increased CTSS may provide a basis for biomarker prediction of CM prognosis, immune status and immunotherapy.
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