Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39833495›Full record

ArticleJournal of epidemiology and global health2025

Epidemiology of Yellow Fever in Nigeria: Analysis of Climatic, Ecological, Socio-Demographic, and Clinical Factors Associated with Viral Positivity Among Suspected Cases Using National Surveillance Data, 2017-2023.

Stephen Eghelakpo Akar, William Nwachukwu, Oludare Sunbo Adewuyi, Anthony Agbakizua Ahumibe, Iniobong Akanimo, Oyeladun Okunromade, Olajumoke Babatunde, Chikwe Ihekweazu, Mami Hitachi, Kentaro Kato and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of epidemiology and global health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Stephen Eghelakpo AkarGraduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
William NwachukwuNigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria.
Oludare Sunbo AdewuyiGraduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
Anthony Agbakizua AhumibeGraduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
Iniobong AkanimoNigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria.
Oyeladun OkunromadeNigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria.
Olajumoke BabatundeNigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria.
Chikwe IhekweazuWHO Hub for Pandemic and Epidemic Intelligence, Berlin, Germany.
Mami HitachiDepartment of Eco-Epidemiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
Kentaro KatoDepartment of Eco-Epidemiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
Yuki TakamatsuDepartment of Virology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
Kenji HirayamaSchool of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
Satoshi KanekoDepartment of Eco-Epidemiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan. skaneko@nagasaki-u.ac.jp.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSince its resurgence in 2017, Yellow fever (YF) outbreaks have continued to occur in Nigeria despite routine immunization and the implementation of several reactive mass vaccinations. Nigeria, Africa's most populous endemic country, is considered a high-priority country for implementing the End Yellow fever Epidemics strategy.

methodsThis retrospective analysis described the epidemiological profile, trends, and factors associated with Yellow fever viral positivity in Nigeria. We conducted a multivariable binary logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with YF viral positivity.

resultsOf 16,777 suspected cases, 8532(50.9%) had laboratory confirmation with an overall positivity rate of 6.9%(585). Predictors of YFV positivity were the Jos Plateau, Derived/Guinea Savanah, and the Freshwater/Lowland rainforest compared to the Sahel/Sudan Savannah; dry season compared to rainy season; the hot dry or humid compared to the temperate, dry cool/humid climatic zone; 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023 epidemic years compared to compared to 2017; first, third, and fourth quarters compared to the second; male sex compared to female; age group > = 15 years compared to < 15 years; working in outdoor compared to indoor settings; having traveled within the last two weeks; being of unknown vaccination status compared to being vaccinated; and vomiting.

conclusionEcological, climatic, and socio-demographic characteristics are drivers of YF outbreaks in Nigeria, and public health interventions need to target these factors to halt local epidemics and reduce the risk of international spread. Inadequate vaccination coverage alone may not account for the recurrent outbreaks of YF in Nigeria.

Indexed as

Yellow FeverAdolescentAdultAgedChildChild, PreschoolClimateDisease OutbreaksFemaleHumansInfantMaleMiddle AgedNigeriaPopulation SurveillanceRetrospective StudiesEpidemiological profileFactors associatedVaccinationYellow fever

Identifiers

PMID39833495
PMCPMC11747028

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.