Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39833405›Full record

ArticleNature medicine2025

A high-performance brain-computer interface for finger decoding and quadcopter game control in an individual with paralysis.

Matthew S Willsey, Nishal P Shah, Donald T Avansino, Nick V Hahn, Ryan M Jamiolkowski, Foram B Kamdar, Leigh R Hochberg, Francis R Willett, Jaimie M Henderson

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  6. Review
  7. Full-Stack Architectures for Intelligent Brain-Computer Interfaces.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Matthew S WillseyDepartment of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. mwillsey@umich.edu.ORCID 0000-0003-2093-7733
Nishal P ShahDepartment of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Donald T AvansinoHoward Hughes Medical Institute at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Nick V HahnDepartment of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID 0009-0004-1663-2018
Ryan M JamiolkowskiDepartment of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3119-7788
Foram B KamdarDepartment of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID 0009-0000-2734-3247
Leigh R HochbergRobert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0261-2273
Francis R WillettDepartment of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Jaimie M HendersonDepartment of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. henderj@stanford.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-3276-2267

Funding

Engaging new cognitive and motor signals to improve communication prosthesesR01DC014034 · NIDCD · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI JAIMIE M HENDERSON · 2015 to 2026
$8.2M
Intuitive, complete neural control of tablet computers for communicationU01DC017844 · NIDCD · BROWN UNIVERSITY · PI HOCHBERG, LEIGH R · 2019 to 2025
$4.3M
NIDCD NIH HHS R01 DC014034NIDCD NIH HHS U01 DC017844U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) R01-DC014034U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) U01-DC017844
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

People with paralysis express unmet needs for peer support, leisure activities and sporting activities. Many within the general population rely on social media and massively multiplayer video games to address these needs. We developed a high-performance, finger-based brain-computer-interface system allowing continuous control of three independent finger groups, of which the thumb can be controlled in two dimensions, yielding a total of four degrees of freedom. The system was tested in a human research participant with tetraplegia due to spinal cord injury over sequential trials requiring fingers to reach and hold on targets, with an average acquisition rate of 76 targets per minute and completion time of 1.58 ± 0.06 seconds-comparing favorably to prior animal studies despite a twofold increase in the decoded degrees of freedom. More importantly, finger positions were then used to control a virtual quadcopter-the number-one restorative priority for the participant-using a brain-to-finger-to-computer interface to allow dexterous navigation around fixed- and random-ringed obstacle courses. The participant expressed or demonstrated a sense of enablement, recreation and social connectedness that addresses many of the unmet needs of people with paralysis.

Indexed as

Brain-Computer InterfacesFingersParalysisQuadriplegiaVideo GamesAdultHumansMaleSpinal Cord Injuries

Identifiers

PMID39833405
PMCPMC11750708

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.