Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39833327›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Exploring the utility of different bulking agents for speeding up the composting process of household kitchen waste.

Sania Mussa, Muhammad Farhan, Shoaib Ahmad, Khadija Zahra, Amina Kanwal, Qaiser Farid Khan, Muhammad Afzaal, Abdul Wahid, Pallab K Sarker, Mohamed A El-Sheikh and 1 more

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Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Sania MussaSustainable Development Study Center, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
Muhammad FarhanSustainable Development Study Center, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan. dr.muhammadfarhan@gcu.edu.pk.
Shoaib AhmadState Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
Khadija ZahraSustainable Development Study Center, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
Amina KanwalDepartment of Botany, Government College Women University Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan.
Qaiser Farid KhanDepartment of Microbiology, Ikam ul Haq Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan.
Muhammad AfzaalSustainable Development Study Center, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
Abdul WahidDepartment of Environmental Science, Bahu din Zakaria University, Multan, Pakistan.
Pallab K SarkerEnvironmental Studies Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA. psarker@ucsc.edu.
Mohamed A El-SheikhBotany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Shafaqat AliDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan. shafaqataligill@yahoo.com.

Funding

The authors would like to extend their sincere appreciation to the Researchers Supporting Project Number (RSP2024R182) King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. (RSP2024R182)
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Household kitchen waste (HKW) is produced in large quantity and its management is difficult due to high moisture content and complex organic matter. Aerobic composting of HKW is an easy, efficient, cost-effective and eco-friendly method. This study is designed to achieve a zero-waste concept and to convert HKW. We optimized the type and size of three different bulking agents to speed up the composting process. The tested bulking agents were fallen leaves, sawdust and fly ash. The results showed a higher and longer thermophilic phase (55

Indexed as

CompostingRefuse DisposalSoilCoal AshElectric ConductivityHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationPlant LeavesWaterCoal AshSoilWaterAerobic compostingBulking agentsFeedstock sizeKitchen wasteMaturity

Identifiers

PMID39833327
PMCPMC11747255

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.