ArticleNature communications2025
Fast 3D printing of fine, continuous, and soft fibers via embedded solvent exchange.
Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Magnetically Driven Elastic Microswimmers: Exploiting Hysteretic Collapse for Autonomous Propulsion and Independent Control.ACS nanoscience Au · 2026Article
- Construction, evaluation, and applications of renal barrier-on-a-chip system.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Innovative applications of multidimensional engineered hydrogels in wound healing.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Ultrasoft Yet Tough Multifunctional Organohydrogels Enabled by Molecular Chain Lubrication Strategy for Self-Powered Wearable Electronics.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Universal Solvent Escape Strategies for Efficient Curing of Hydrogen-Bond-Rich 3D Printing Inks.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Up-and-down transformable embedded ink writing strategy for soft 3D architectures.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Design Principles for Deployable Fibers Inspired by Hagfish Defense.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Multimaterial 3D Printing in Activating Bath Enables In Situ Polymerization of Thermosets with Intricate Geometries and Diverse Elastic Behaviors.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Nature uses fibrous structures for sensing and structural functions as observed in hairs, whiskers, stereocilia, spider silks, and hagfish slime thread skeins. Here, we demonstrate multi-nozzle printing of 3D hair arrays having freeform trajectories at a very high rate, with fiber diameters as fine as 1.5 µm, continuous lengths reaching tens of centimeters, and a wide range of materials with elastic moduli from 5 MPa to 3500 MPa. This is achieved via 3D printing by rapid solvent exchange in high yield stress micro granular gel, leading to radial solidification of the extruded polymer filament at a rate of 2.33 μm/s. This process extrudes filaments at 5 mm/s, which is 500,000 times faster than meniscus printing owing to the rapid solidification which prevents capillarity-induced fiber breakage. This study demonstrates the potential of 3D printing by rapid solvent exchange as a fast and scalable process for replicating natural fibrous structures for use in biomimetic functions.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.