Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39833143›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

Camel milk is a neglected source of brucellosis among rural Arab communities.

Peter Holloway, Matthew Gibson, Tanja Holloway, Iain Pickett, Brittany Crook, Jacqueline M Cardwell, Stephen Nash, Imadidden Musallam, Bilal Al-Omari, Ahmad Al-Majali and 4 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  7. Rapid serological detection of smoothFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Peter HollowayVeterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, WOAH Collaborating Centre for Risk Analysis and Modelling, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK. pholloway3@rvc.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6648-9724
Matthew GibsonVeterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, WOAH Collaborating Centre for Risk Analysis and Modelling, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK.
Tanja HollowayDepartment of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and International Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Iain PickettVeterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, WOAH Collaborating Centre for Risk Analysis and Modelling, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK.
Brittany CrookVeterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, WOAH Collaborating Centre for Risk Analysis and Modelling, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK.
Jacqueline M CardwellVeterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, WOAH Collaborating Centre for Risk Analysis and Modelling, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9065-3253
Stephen NashDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Imadidden MusallamVeterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, WOAH Collaborating Centre for Risk Analysis and Modelling, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK.
Bilal Al-OmariFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
Ahmad Al-MajaliFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
Wail HayajnehDepartment of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO, USA.
Ehab Abu-BashaFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
Punam Mangtani *Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and International Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Javier Guitian *Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, WOAH Collaborating Centre for Risk Analysis and Modelling, Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK.

Funding

RCUK | MRC | Medical Research Foundation MR/P02551X/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The World Health Organization describes brucellosis as one of the world's leading zoonotic diseases, with the Middle East a global hotspot. Brucella melitensis is endemic among livestock populations in the region, with zoonotic transmission occurring via consumption of raw milk, amongst other routes. Control is largely via vaccination of small ruminant and cattle populations. Due to sociocultural and religious influences camel milk (camelus dromedarius) is widely consumed raw, while milk from other livestock species is largely boiled. To investigate the potential public health impact of Brucella in camels we conduct a cross-sectional study in southern Jordan including 227 herds and 202 livestock-owning households. Here we show daily consumption of raw camel milk is associated with Brucella seropositive status among the study population, OR

Indexed as

BrucellosisCamelusMilkAdultAnimalsBrucella melitensisCattleCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansJordanMaleMiddle AgedRural PopulationZoonoses

Identifiers

PMID39833143
PMCPMC11756418

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.