ArticleBMJ open2025
Factors protecting against progression of myopia in school students exposed to societal change in Vietnam: a 3-year cohort study.
Article in BMJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Influence of environmental, economic, dietary, and behavioural factors on high myopia onset in children: a 4-year large-scale cohort study.Journal of global health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo elucidate the incidence of myopia, progression of refractive error, axial length (AL) elongation and factors associated with myopia in secondary school students in Vietnam.
designProspective cohort study. SETTINGS: Hue Healthy Adolescent Cohort Study, Hue City, Vietnam.
participants3-year longitudinal data were available for 355 secondary school students (mean age 11.60±0.36, 46.8% girls). Noncycloplegic refraction and AL measurements were performed at baseline and the 3-year follow-up examinations. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcomes were myopia incidence and progression. Myopia, emmetropia and hyperopia were defined as spherical equivalent (SE)≤-1.0 diopters (D), -0.5 D<SE < +0.5 D and SE ≥ +0.5 D in the right eye, respectively. The cumulative incidence of myopia was defined as the proportion of students who were not myopic at baseline but who subsequently developed myopia during the follow-up period. Factors associated with myopia incidence and progression were analysed using logistic and linear regression models, respectively.
resultsBaseline mean SE and AL were -0.94±1.66 D and 23.36±0.93 mm, respectively. The cumulative and annual incidences of myopia were 40.6% and 12.5%, respectively. Spending more time outdoors was associated with a significantly decreased incidence of myopia (adjusted OR 0.499; 95% CI: 0.329-0.757), less myopic SE progression (β=0.337; 95% CI: 0.254, 0.640) and slower AL elongation (β=-0.289; 95% CI: -0.202 to -0.071). In contrast, a study using computers was significantly associated with greater myopic progression in SE (β=-0.184; 95% CI: -0.699 to -0.112) and AL elongation (β=0.208; 95% CI: 0.062, 0.263).
conclusionThis longitudinal assessment revealed both myopia incidence and progression and identified myopia-risk and myopia-protective behavioural factors in a Vietnamese cohort of secondary school students. The results highlight the high prevalence and considerable incidence of myopia, and the need for further effective strategies to reduce the risk of myopia by managing computer time and increasing outdoor time.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.