ArticleEClinicalMedicine2025
Global, regional, and national burden of male breast cancer in 204 countries and territories: a systematic analysis from the global burden of disease study, 1990-2021.
Article in EClinicalMedicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Spatiotemporal dynamics of the host-tumor metabolic interface: Implications for precision nutritional oncology.Genes & diseases · 2026Review
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- Trends in male breast cancer in Spain, 1999-2023: a nationwide analysis of incidence and mortality.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Article
- Locally advanced breast cancer in an elderly male with end-stage renal disease: A case report.Oncology letters · 2026Article
- Global Inequalities in Female Breast Cancer Burden by Decomposition and Age-Period-Cohort Analysis, 1990-2021.Annals of surgical oncology · 2026Article
- Clinicopathological, multimodal treatment, and survival patterns for men with breast cancer in England and Wales: a population-based cohort study.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Male Breast Cancer: Bridging the Gaps of Neglect-A Global Call for Equitable Care and Inclusion.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Terpenoids: Emerging Natural Modulators for Reversing ABC Transporter-Mediated Multidrug Resistance in Cancer Chemotherapy.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Global trends and disease burden of elderly male breast cancer, 1990-2021: a population-based study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Knowledge and practice of self-examination among breast cancer patients in Tanzania: A cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Analysis and comparison of the burden of male breast cancer: differences between the global, China, India, and the United States.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Burden and trends of ovarian and uterine cancer due to high body mass index from 1990 to 2021: an age-period-cohort study based on the GBD 2021, and projections through 2036.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Global, regional, and national burden of pneumococcal disease among children and adolescents aged <20 years from 1990 to 2021: a predictive analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Trends in breast cancer mortality in Mexican women.Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia · 2025Article
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10 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare malignancy that has been under-investigated, with limited global epidemiological research dedicated to it. A comprehensive estimate of the global, regional, and national burden of MBC is valuable for policy planning. This study aims to evaluate the burden of MBC across 204 countries and territories. Methods: MBC data were collected from the 2021 Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) Study estimates spanning from 1990 to 2021. The global incidence, prevalence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributed to MBC, as well as corresponding age-standardized rates, were calculated. Temporal trends, projections of incidence and mortality to 2050, lifetime risk, and risk factors of MBC were also estimated according to regions and countries. Findings: In 2021, there were 38,827 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 24,650-47,846) new cases, 320,459 (95% UI, 220,533-384,317) prevalent cases, 13,274 (95% UI, 9074-16,240) deaths, and 380,917 (95% UI, 252,922-476,417) DALYs attributed to MBC worldwide, with the highest disease burden observed in the Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa region. From 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized incidence and mortality rates of MBC significantly increased, but they are projected to decrease over the next 30 years. High-middle Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile had the highest lifetime risk of developing MBC, while the low SDI quintile had the highest lifetime risk of dying from MBC. Dietary risk and alcohol use were identified as important risk factors for MBC deaths and DALYs globally. Interpretation: The global burden of MBC significantly increased from 1990 to 2021, with notable geographic disparities. Efforts aimed at MBC prevention and control strategies should take into account the inequities in its global distribution. Funding: This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant numbers 82372996 and 82202913) and the Chongqing Natural Science Foundation (grant number CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0480).
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