Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39829305›Full record

ArticlePsychology and psychotherapy2025

A qualitative exploration of change processes relevant to compassion-focused therapy that occurs when people view both soothing and non-soothing images.

Stephanie Allan, Chris Morea, Keren MacLennan, Matthias Schwannauer, Angela L McLaughlin, Netta Weinstein, Stella W Y Chan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Psychology and psychotherapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Stephanie AllanUniversity of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-1016-0708
Chris MoreaUniversity of Reading, Reading, UK.
Keren MacLennanUniversity of Reading, Reading, UK.
Matthias SchwannauerUniversity of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Angela L McLaughlinUniversity of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Netta WeinsteinUniversity of Reading, Reading, UK.
Stella W Y ChanUniversity of Reading, Reading, UK.

Funding

European Research Council SOAR-851890Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveUsing soothing imagery within psychotherapy may support people to undertake positive visualisation exercises. However, little is known about what processes happen when people view images they find to be soothing or non-soothing.

designExploratory qualitative methods were used.

methodResponses from 644 participants who had written about images they found to be soothing or non-soothing were analysed using thematic analysis.

resultsTwo key themes were developed that related to the importance of the image content (such as it being a natural scene or artificial) and the internal cognitive and psychological processes that it triggered within participants as being key drivers for an image being perceived as soothing or non-soothing. This included recall of positive autobiographical memories and liking the image content. Conversely, negative autobiographical memories and disliking image content were associated when people viewed images they considered to be non-soothing.

conclusionsExperiences of feeling soothed when viewing an image appear to be maintained by imagining positive sensory experiences that were associated with the image or linking the image to positive experiences from the participant's autobiographical memory. This has implications for the delivery of therapy using pre-existing image sets and suggests there is a need to find out what images are most suited for people accessing services.

Indexed as

EmotionsEmpathyImagery, PsychotherapyMemory, EpisodicAdolescentAdultAgedFemaleHumansMaleMental RecallMiddle AgedQualitative ResearchYoung Adultcitizen sciencecompassion‐focused therapyimagery

Identifiers

PMID39829305
PMCPMC11823347

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.