Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39829233›Full record

ArticleHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2025

Modifying non-coding regions of linear DNA vaccines to explore the interplay of expression and inflammation in immunogenicity.

David C Stirling, Maria de Miguel Ferrer, Sungwon Kim, Madina Wane, Daniel Kysh, Lisa J Caproni, John S Tregoning

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

David C StirlingDepartment of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Maria de Miguel FerrerDepartment of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Sungwon KimTouchlight Genetics Ltd, Hampton, UK.
Madina WaneTouchlight Genetics Ltd, Hampton, UK.
Daniel KyshTouchlight Genetics Ltd, Hampton, UK.
Lisa J CaproniTouchlight Genetics Ltd, Hampton, UK.
John S TregoningDepartment of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-8093-8741

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for rapidly deployable, flexible vaccine platforms; particularly RNA which is now being explored for several other pathogens. DNA vaccines have potential advantages over RNA, including cost of manufacture, ease of storage and potentially lower reactogenicity. However, they have historically underperformed in large animals and human trials due to low immunogenicity. The interplay between antigen expression and the innate immune response impacts the overall immune response to DNA vaccines. Here, we explore the effect of altering non-coding 5' regions, on the immunogenicity of a closed linear DNA platform, Doggybone™ DNA (dbDNA

Indexed as

5' Untranslated RegionsImmunogenicity, VaccineVaccines, DNAAnimalsEnhancer Elements, GeneticFemaleHEK293 CellsHemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza VirusHumansImmunity, InnateInfluenza VaccinesMiceMice, Inbred BALB C5' Untranslated RegionsHemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza VirusInfluenza VaccinesVaccines, DNACOVID-19CpGinflammationinfluenzaVaccine

Identifiers

PMID39829233
PMCPMC12934174

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.