ArticleEuropean journal of neurology2025
The Brief International Cognitive Assessment in Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS): Regression-based norms for German-speaking countries.
Article in European journal of neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- The Brief International Cognitive Assessment in Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS): Regression-based norms for German-speaking countries.European journal of neurology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
background and purposeCognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS) is common and is associated with problems in employment, driving ability, and quality of life. Since cognitive impairment at time of diagnosis is predictive of disability progression, early assessment and annual monitoring is recommended. The Brief International Cognitive Assessment in Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS) was introduced as a time-efficient screening tool that can easily be applied in standard clinical care. However, besides application, tests need to be analysed and the raw values obtained must be interpreted accordingly. Since normative values have not been available for German-speaking countries, BICAMS has not been implemented in clinical routine. The aim of this study was to calculate German normative BICAMS data to improve the current diagnostic process for people with MS.
methodsHealthy control subjects in different age categories were recruited to enable regression-based norm analysis. Raw scores for each BICAMS test were converted into scaled scores before they were regressed for age, age squared, gender, and education. The obtained scores were then normalised to a z-score by dividing the difference between the scaled score and the predicted score by the root mean squared error of the model.
resultsIn all, 237 HCs were recruited (68.8% female, 31.2% male) and examined with BICAMS. Datasets entered the regression-based norms analysis and formed the basis for a final z-score calculation. To simplify handling in everyday clinical practice, nomograms and look-up tables were created which provide clinicians with age- and education-corrected norms.
conclusionOur work fills the gaps between BICAMS application, evaluation and interpretation and will make a significant contribution to more regular cognitive assessment of MS patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.