ArticleBrain and behavior2025
The Association Between Myasthenia Gravis and Higher Extrathymic Cancer Risk.
Article in Brain and behavior, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Increased Prevalence of Extrathymic Neoplasms in Myasthenia Gravis Patients-A Population-Based, Matched Case-Control Study.Muscle & nerve · 2026Article
- The Effect of Thymectomy on the Incidence of Extrathymic Cancers and Autoimmune Diseases in Patients With Non-Thymomatous Myasthenia Gravis.Muscle & nerve · 2026Article
- Survival and autoimmune risks post-thymectomy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Mortality risk in patients with myasthenia gravis.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Malignancy in neuromuscular patients on chronic IVIG.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Surgical management of suspected paraneoplastic myasthenia gravis in rectal cancer during neoadjuvant immunotherapy: a case report.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundMyasthenia gravis (MG) is strongly associated with thymic tumors, but whether it is also associated with extrathymic cancers is debatable or whether MG can be considered a paraneoplastic disorder for extrathymic cancers.
methodsThis is a retrospective analysis of the MG cohort for 23 years' time (January 2000 to May 2023), extracting cancer rates with clinical, electrophysiological, and biochemical cancer associations and the effect of chronic medications.
resultsWe identified 436 patients with MG and 3924 controls. The median age at symptom onset was 64 (5-93 years) for males and 54 (1-87 years) for females. MG symptoms at onset were recorded as ocular (60%), strictly bulbar (10%), or generalized (23%). Extrathymic cancer was found in 32% of MG patients. In 3%, thymic and extrathymic cancers co-occurred. Compared to controls, neurology (12.2%, 159/1308), internal medicine (24.4%, 319/1308), or rheumatology (12%, 157/1308), MG patients had significantly higher rates of extrathymic cancers (p < 0.001). Compared to the rheumatology group, the cancer relative risk of 2.97, CI = 2.5-3.4. Furthermore, the prevalence of extrathymic cancers was significantly increased within the paraneoplastic time window, defined as ±5 years from cancer diagnosis to myasthenia onset (p < 0.01).
conclusionMG was significantly associated with an increased risk of extrathymic cancers, particularly within the paraneoplastic time window. These findings suggest that MG might potentially behave as a paraneoplastic disorder.
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